Essential Life-Saving Skills for Schoolchildren: A Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v7i2.370Keywords:
First aid, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, SchoolchildrenAbstract
Background: Teaching lifesaving skills such as first aid and initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to schoolchildren can increase the lifelong ability and motivation of young people to take action in an emergency.
Methods: This scoping review aimed to look for the literature related to the essential life-saving skills for schoolchildren, focusing on first aid and initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before the arrival of medical professionals. A scoping review was conducted by using the PRISMA guidelines to meet the objective of this study.
Results: Fourteen articles published between 2017 and 2024 were analyzed, revealing three main themes: educational approaches for teaching first aid and CPR to schoolchildren, the effectiveness of first aid and CPR Training Programmes for schoolchildren, and barriers and facilitators of First Aid and CPR Training Programmes for schoolchildren.
Conclusion: Findings suggest a crucial need to equip schoolchildren with the necessary skills to respond effectively to emergencies. Recommendations include implementing comprehensive first aid and CPR training programmes as life-saving skills for schoolchildren in schools.
References
Nishiyama C, Kiguchi T, Okubo M, Alihodži? H, Al-Araji R, Baldi E, Beganton F, Booth S, Bray J, Christensen E, Cresta R, Finn J, Gräsner J, Jouven X, Kern KB, et al. Three-year trends in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest across the world: Second report from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Resuscitation. 2023; 186: 109757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109757
Piva? S, Gradišek P, Skela-Savi? B. The impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training on schoolchildren and their CPR knowledge, attitudes toward CPR, and willingness to help others and to perform CPR: mixed methods research design. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1-11.
The Star. Improving odds of surviving cardiac arrest. 2023. Available at https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2023/06/23/improving-odds-of-surviving-cardiac-arrest#:~:text=In%20Malaysia%2C%20cardiac%20arrest%20is,every%20day%20from%20cardiac%20arrest.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. Statistics on Causes of Death, Malaysia. Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal. 2021. Available from https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/landingv2.
Nolan JP, Soar J, Zideman DA, Biarent D, Bossaert LL, Deakin C, et al. European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2010 section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation. 2010; 81(10):1219-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.
Campbell S, Supporting mandatory first aid training in primary schools, Nursing Standard. 2012; 27 (6): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2012.10.27.6.35.c9351.
Geri G, Fahrenbruch C, Meischke H, Painter I, White L, Rea TD, et al. Effects of bystander CPR following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on hospital costs and long-term survival. Resuscitation. 2017; 115:129–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.04.016.
Böttiger BW, Van Aken H. Kids save lives--training school children in cardiopulmonary resuscitation worldwide is now endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Resuscitation. 2015; 94:A5–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.005.
Calicchia S, Cangiano G, Capanna S, De Rosa M, Papaleo B. Teaching life-saving manoeuvres in primary school. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:2647235. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2647235.
De Buck E, Van Remoortel H, Dieltjens T, Verstraetena H, Claryssea M, Moens O, et al. Evidence-based educational pathway for the integration of first aid training in school curricula. Resuscitation. 2015;94:8–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.008.
Calicchia S, Cangiano G, Capanna S, De Rosa M, Papaleo B. Teaching life-saving manoeuvres in primary school. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:2647235. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2647235.
Prieto-González P, Martínez-Castillo JL, Fernández-Galván LM, Casado A, Soporki S, Sánchez-Infante J. Epidemiology of Sports-Related Injuries and Associated Risk Factors in Adolescent Athletes: An Injury Surveillance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(9):4857. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094857.
Nurumal MS, Jamaludin TSS, Shamsudin LA, Ramli MZ. Attitudes and Barriers of Primary School Children on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Drowning Victims. 2021. Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia. 7(2), p. 104-111. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v7i2.39994.
Jamaludin TSS, Nurumal MS, Che Hasan MK, Firdaus MKZH, A Rahman NH. Knowledge and Practice of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) For Drowning Victims Among Primary School Children. International Journal of Care Scholars. 2022; 5(2), 35-45.
Tse E, Plakitsi K, Voulgaris S, Alexiou GA. The role of a first aid training program for young children: A systematic review. Children. 2023;10(3):431. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030431.
Jamaludin TSS, Nurumal MS, Syaziman NSS, Suhaimi S, Che Hasan MK. Re-Intubation among critical care patients: A scoping review. International Journal of Care Scholars. 2021. 4 (1). 93-100.
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic reviews. 2021;10(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Kids Save Lives: Basic Life Support Education for Schoolchildren: A Narrative Review and Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation, (2023).;147(24):1854-1868. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000001128
Oliveira KM, Carmona MJC, Mansur AP, Takada JY, Fija?ko N, Semeraro F, et al. CPR quality assessment in schoolchildren training. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2022; 9(11):398. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9110398
Bispo Diaz Toledo Martins I, Simões Nakano G, Simões Nakano M, Silva P, Rossignoli V, Batista R, et al. Kids save hearts project: hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for schoolchildren. Circulation. 2022;146 (S1): A307-A. https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.146.suppl_1.307
Von Amelunxen B, Kirk S, Hind J, Illibauer J, Krall C, Lessing S, et al.. A six-year teaching life supportive first aid program to eventually generate peer trainer pupils: a prospective case control study. BMC Medical Education 2023;23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04476-x
Chang J, Biswas A, Iftikhar S, Gelman S, Biswas M. The impact of video-based instruction on CPR knowledge in elementary school students (10–11 years). European Heart Journal. 2022;43(S2): ehac544. 688. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.688
Katona Z, Tarkó K, Berki T. First Aid Willingness Questionnaire for Schoolchildren: An Exploratory Factor Analysis and Correlation Study. Children. 2022;9(7):955. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9070955
Meenakshisundaram R, Ramavel AR, Banu N, Areeb A, Premkumar EMJ, Saeed S. Effectiveness of Teaching and Demonstration in Improvement of Knowledge and Skill on CPR among School-going Adolescents: A Quasi-experimental Study. National Journal of Emergency Medicine SEMI. 2023;1(1):18-22.
Rojas Y, Gonzalez A, Sorroza M, Arredondo-Nontol M, Tendero J. Effectiveness of a CPR Training Program Using Medium and Low Fidelity Simulators in Primary School Students for the Acquisition of Learning Skills. Int J Nurs Health Care Res. 2023;6:1431.
Banfai B, Pek E, Pandur A, Csonka H, Betlehem J. ‘The year of first aid’: effectiveness of a 3-day first aid programme for 7-14-year-old primary school children. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2017;34(8):526-32. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2016-206284
Al-Maietah A, Obeidat HM, Haytham, Al-Oran HM. Effect of brief training program on first aid knowledge and practice among students aged 13-15 years: a pre-post-test study. Journal of Public Health and Development, (2023).;21(1):250-256. https://doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2023/210119
Shaukat N, Ali DM, Jaffer M, Jarrar Z, Ashraf N, Hassan S, et al. Lifesaving skills training in schools–A qualitative study to explore students, teachers, and parent’s perceived opportunities and challenges. BMC public health. 2023;23(1):400.
Dumcke R, Wegner C, Wingen S, Rahe-Meyer N. Facilitators and Barriers Perceived by German Teachers Considering Basic Life Support Education in School—A Qualitative Study. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2024;14(6):1769-85. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14060117
Piva? S, Gradišek P, Skela-Savi? B. Basic resuscitation training for third-cycle primary school students: A qualitative research of training providers’ experiences. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing. 2022;59. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221127134
Merchant RM, Topjian AA, Panchal AR, Cheng A, Aziz K, Berg KM, et al. Part 1: executive summary: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020;142(16_Suppl_2):S337-S57.
Van de Velde S, Heselmans A, Roex A, Vandekerckhove P, Ramaekers D, Aertgeerts B, Effectiveness of non-resuscitative first aid training in laypersons: a systematic review, Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2009; (54): 447–457.e5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.11.005
Jones I, Whitfield R, Colquhoun M, Chamberlain D, Vetter N, Newcombe R, At what age can schoolchildren provide effective chest compressions? An observational study from the Heartstart UK schools training programme, British Medical Journal. 2007; 334 (7605):1201–1203. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39167.459028.
De Buck E, Van Remoortel H, Dieltjens T, Verstraetena H, Claryssea M, Moens O, et al. Evidence-based educational pathway for the integration of first aid training in school curricula. Resuscitation. 2015;94:8–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.008.
Calicchia S, Cangiano G, Capanna S, De Rosa M, Papaleo B. Teaching life-saving manoeuvres in primary school. Biomed Res Int. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2647235.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
