Authors Responsibility

          1. Reporting A Research Study With Ethical Standards

Authors of original research reports must provide an accurate account of the work performed and an objective discussion of its significance. The underlying data should be accurately represented in the paper. The paper should include sufficient detail and references to enable others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are unethical and unacceptable. A statement that outlines the approval obtained from the ethical review committee should be mentioned in the manuscript.

          2. Data Accuracy

Authors are responsible to ensure that all data presented in the manuscript are accurate, reliable and correctly represented. Data report on research findings should be without fabricating, falsifying and manipulating data. Authors should adhere to ethical guidelines for data collection, analysis and presentation, in ensuring no fraudulent or inaccurate data presented in manuscript submitted.

          3. Originality and Plagiarism

Authors are accountable to ensure that the submitted manuscript is original work and has not been copied from other works or sources. All sources, data and ideas that are derived from another works should be cited or quoted in the manuscript and plagiarism must be avoided.

          4. Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Submission and Publication

Authors should ensure that the submitted manuscript has not been submitted to more than one journal simultaneously and refrain from publishing identical or substantially similar research in multiple journals or publications. Authors should also affirm that the manuscript submitted is not under consideration for publication in another journal.

          5. Acknowledgement of Sources

Authors need to appropriately cite all sources, data and ideas that are derived from other works to give proper credit to the original authors. Authors also need to obtain necessary permissions for any content from other works. Additionally, authors should be transparent about the contribution of others to the research and writing process, including any funding sources, collaborators and supporting institutions.

          6. Authorship of the Paper

Authorship should be restricted to individuals who have substantially contributed to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study being reported. All individuals who have made significant contributions should be credited as co-authors. If there are others who have participated in specific substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all appropriate co-authors are included in the manuscript and that no inappropriate co-authors are listed. Additionally, the corresponding author must ensure that all co-authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the paper and have consented to its submission for publication.

          7. Transparency of Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

Authors need to clearly state any conflicts of interest, including financial interests, affiliations or personal connections that could potentially bias the research or its findings. As such, authors need to provide a comprehensive disclosure of any financial or personal relationships that may pose a conflict of interest regarding the research or its interpretation.

          8. Errors in Published Works

Authors need to inform immediately the editor or publisher of the journal in which the errors were published upon discovery. Authors also need to cooperate with the editor or publisher in correcting or retracting the manuscript if the errors are deemed significant and could impact the integrity or interpretation of the research.

          9. Risk and Hazards on Human or Animal Participants

Any potential hazards associated with the research need to be disclose, including risks to human participants or animal involved in the study. For human participants, ensure  that informed consent was obtained from human participants or their legal guardians, detailing the nature and purpose of the study and any associated risks. For animal participants, authors need to comply with ethical standards for the treatment of animals, including appropriate housing, care, and handling, and obtain approval from institutional animal care and use committees.