The Determinants Affecting Blood Glucose Levels among Prolanis Participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Abstract

Background: The control of blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) requires attention to various lifestyle factors. Determinants such as diet, physical activity, treatment adherence, overweight (obesity), high blood pressure, stress level, smoking, and alcohol consumption play important roles in maintaining stable blood glucose levels in patients with (T2DM). To identify the determinants affecting blood glucose levels among Prolanis participants with (T2DM).

Methods: This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design involving 79 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. The research was conducted at Baturraden II Public Health Center from February to March 2025. The research instrument consisted of a combined questionnaire, including the IPAQ to assess physical activity, DASS-21 to measure stress level, and MMAS-8 to evaluate medication adherence. All three instruments were used in their standardized and internationally validated versions. Questions related to diet, overweight (obesity), blood pressure, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption were developed by the researcher and tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression tests.

Results: The majority of respondents (81%) had fasting blood glucose levels ?126 mg/dL. Three variables showed significant correlations in the bivariate analysis, namely diet (p=0.000; r=-0.695), medication adherence (p=0.000; r=-0.526), and physical activity (p=0.046; r=-0.225). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only diet had a significant partial effect on fasting blood glucose levels (B=18.940; p=0.000).

Conclusion: Diet is the most dominant factor influencing fasting blood glucose levels. Nutritional education should be intensified in the implementation of the Prolanis program.