Digital Twin Framework for Integrated Sequential Laser Beam Micromachining (LBMM) and Micro-EDM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i3.4276Keywords:
digital twin, sequential hybrid machining, laser beam micromachining, micro electrical discharge machining, real-time monitoring, collision detectionAbstract
Micro-hole arrays are widely used in aerospace, biomedical devices, and filtration applications. While many methods exist for producing these arrays, achieving high precision, efficiency, and low cost in a single process remains challenging. An integrated sequential method combining Laser Beam Micromachining (LBMM) for fast material removal and micro Electrical Discharge Machining (µEDM) for precise finishing offers a promising solution. However, the sequential operation of these two processes presents challenges such as collision risk, coordination difficulties, and monitoring limitations. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Digital Twin (DT) framework integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time analysis and decision-making, which improves process coordination, collision-aware operation, and virtual validation of sequential LBMM–µEDM machining. The DT enables real-time monitoring by leveraging accurate 3D geometries of machine components to enhance the realism and precision of collision detection. The virtual 3D representation was developed using Unity3D software, while IoT connectivity for real-time data exchange was established through Firebase, resulting in an average transmission latency of 16 ms. The DT eliminates the need for live camera feeds by enabling flexible, low-bandwidth, multi-angle visualization without extra hardware, while also supporting offline virtual simulations for motion coordination, realistic cutting effects, and machining time estimation with a 79.8% prediction accuracy.
ABSTRAK: Susunan lubang mikro digunakan secara meluas dalam pelbagai aplikasi seperti aeroangkasa, peranti bioperubatan dan sistem penapisan. Walaupun pelbagai kaedah pemesinan telah dibangunkan untuk menghasilkan susunan lubang ini, pencapaian ketepatan tinggi, kecekapan proses serta kos pengeluaran yang rendah secara serentak masih menjadi satu cabaran. Kaedah pemesinan berjujukan yang menggabungkan pemesinan mikro pancaran laser bagi menyingkirkan bahan secara pantas dan pemesinan nyahcas elektrik mikro bagi membuat kemasan berketepatan tinggi, berpotensi menjadi satu penyelesaian berkesan. Namun, pelaksanaan kedua-dua proses secara berjujukan menimbulkan beberapa cabaran seperti risiko perlanggaran antara komponen mesin, kesukaran dalam penyelarasan proses serta keterbatasan pemantauan operasi. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini mencadangkan satu rangka kerja kembar digital yang diintegrasi bersama teknologi Internet Kebendaan bagi menyokong analisis masa nyata dan pembuatan keputusan, membolehkan penyelarasan proses dengan lebih baik, operasi berasaskan pengesanan perlanggaran, serta pengesahan maya bagi pemesinan berjujukan LBMM–µEDM. Rangka kerja kembar digital yang dicadangkan membolehkan pemantauan masa nyata melalui penggunaan model geometri tiga dimensi komponen mesin yang tepat, sekaligus meningkatkan tahap realisme dan ketepatan dalam pengesanan perlanggaran. Persekitaran maya tiga dimensi dibangun menggunakan perisian pembangunan grafik tiga dimensi, manakala sambungan Internet Kebendaan bagi pertukaran data masa nyata dilaksanakan melalui pangkalan data awan, dengan purata kelewatan penghantaran data direkodkan sebanyak 16 milisaat. Selain itu, sistem kembar digital yang dibangunkan dapat menggantikan keperluan penggunaan kamera langsung dengan menyediakan visualisasi berbilang sudut yang fleksibel serta penggunaan jalur lebar yang rendah tanpa memerlukan perkakasan tambahan. Sistem ini juga menyokong simulasi maya secara luar talian bagi tujuan penyelarasan pergerakan mesin, visualisasi kesan pemotongan yang realistik serta penganggaran masa pemesinan dengan ketepatan ramalan sebanyak 79.8%.
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