Growth Kinetics of Grey Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) Spawn Culture Revival from Spray Drying Application

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i1.3842

Keywords:

mushroom spawn, powder culture, growth kinetics, Cointois model, spray drying

Abstract

Spray drying represents a promising approach for preserving fungal mycelium liquid cultures, with the assurance of successful revival from powder form being a critical factor for its application. Although liquid culture of grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) has been well established, its potential for drying and subsequent revival remains underexplored, thereby limiting its use in long-term storage. In this study, the effect of various spray dryer inlet temperatures (80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, and 150 °C) on the revival and growth kinetics of P. pulmonarius powder cultures was evaluated using maltodextrin and Arabic gum (10%) as protective agents. Growth kinetics were modelled using the Contois model, which revealed that powder prepared at 80 °C with maltodextrin exhibited the highest µmax value (6.0205), indicating superior revival and growth capacity. With Arabic gum, the highest µmax (5.7604) was observed at 90 °C. At higher inlet temperatures, revival and growth were still observed with both protectants, albeit at reduced rates. Metabolic activity, reflected by glucose consumption and citric acid production, further confirmed successful revival, with citric acid reaching the highest level of 4.958 ppm. Overall, this study demonstrates that spray-dried powder cultures of P. pulmonarius retain viability and metabolic activity, highlighting their potential for long-term preservation.

ABSTRAK: Teknik pengeringan sembur merupakan satu inovasi berguna untuk kultur cecair miselium kulat, dan jaminan bahawa bentuk serbuk kultur tersebut boleh dihidupkan semula merupakan faktor penting dalam pengeringan. Walaupun kultur cecair miselium cendawan tiram kelabu telah berjaya dibangunkan, potensinya untuk dikeringkan dan seterusnya dihidupkan semula masih kurang diterokai, sekaligus menhadkan aplikasinya dalam penyimpanan jangka panjang. Kesan suhu masuk pengering sembur yang berbeza-beza (80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 dan 150°C) terhadap kebolehan hidup semula dan kinetik pertumbuhan kultur serbuk tiram kelabu menggunakan 10% maltodekstrin dan gam Arab sebagai agen pelindung telah dikaji. Model Cointois telah digunakan dan nilai yang diperoleh daripada persamaan tersebut menunjukkan bahawa kultur serbuk yang disediakan pada 80°C dengan perlindungan maltodekstrin mempunyai nilai µmax tertinggi iaitu 6.0205 dan menunjukkan kebolehan hidup semula serta pertumbuhan yang paling baik. Dengan penggunaan gam Arab, nilai µmax tertinggi (5.7604) dicapai pada suhu 90°C. Bagi kedua-dua agen pelindung, walaupun pada suhu yang lebih tinggi, kultur serbuk masih menunjukkan kebolehan untuk hidup semula dan berkembang tetapi pada kadar yang lebih rendah. Dari aspek metabolisme, penggunaan glukosa dan penghasilan asid sitrik yang tertinggi iaitu 4.958 ppm menunjukkan bahawa kultur serbuk mempunyai aktiviti metabolik dalam tempoh hidup semula . Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa kultur serbuk P. pulmonarius mampu dibangunkan dan berpotensi untuk dipelihara dalam tempoh yang lebih lama.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Rosmiza M, Davies W, Aznie RC, Jabil M, Mazdi M. (2016). Prospects for increasing commercial mushroom production in Malaysia: challenges and opportunities. Mediterr J Soc Sci. 7(1): 406–415.

Thawthong A, Karunarathna SC, Thongklang N, Chukeatirote E, Kakumy P, Chamyuang S, Rizal LM, Mortimer PE, Xu J, Calac P, Hyde KD. (2014). Discovering and domesticating wild tropical cultivatable mushrooms. Chiang Mai J Sci. 41(4): 731–764.

Kerketta A, Pandey NK, Singh HK. (2017) Evaluation of Different Grains for Spawn Development of Milky Mushroom ( Calocybe indica, P&C). Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(1), 266–268.

Huang S, Vignolles M-L, Chen XD, Loir YL, Jan G, Schuck P, Jeantet R. (2017). Spray drying of probiotics and other food-grade bacteria: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 63: 1-17.

Shishir MRI, Chen W. (2017). Trends of spray drying: A critical review on drying of fruit and vegetable juices. Trends Food Sci Technol. 65: 49–67.

Jin X, Custis D. (2011). Microencapsulating aerial conidia of Trichoderma harzianum through spray drying at elevated temperatures. Biol Control. 56(2) :202–208.

Braga ABAC, Costa CJM, Pomella AWV, Ribeiro EJ, Santos LD, Zotarelli MF. (2019). Evaluation of lethality temperature and use of different wall materials in the microencapsulation process of Trichoderma asperellum conidias by spray drying. Powder Technol. 347: 199–206.

Ishak AA, Zulkepli FRA, Hayin NFM, Md Zain NH, Sapak Z. (2021). Effect of high inlet temperature of spray dryer on viability of microencapsulated Trichoderma asperellum conidia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 757(1).

Zakaria Z, Fatihah A, Sarip MSM, Salleh NHM. (2024). Growth revival of grey oyster (Pleurotus pulmonarius) powder culture mushroom from the effect of spray drying temperature. IIUM Engineering Journal. 25(1): 40-46.

Chandralekha A, Tavanandi AH, Amrutha N, Hebbar HU, Raghavarao KSMS, Gadre R. (2016). Encapsulation of yeast (Saccharomyces cereviciae) by spray drying for extension of shelf life. Drying Technology. 34(11): 1307–1318.

Suryabhan P, Lohith K, Anu-Appaiah KA. (2019). Sucrose and sorbitol supplementation on maltodextrin encapsulation enhance the potential probiotic yeast survival by spray drying. Lwt, 107: 243–248.

Rezvani F, Ardestani F, Najafpour G. (2017). Growth kinetic models of five species of Lactobacilli and lactose consumption in batch submerged culture. Braz J Microbiol. 48(2): 251.

Cante RC, Gallo M, Nigro F, Passannanti F, Budelli A, Nigro R. (2021). Mathematical modeling of Lactobacillus paracasei cba l74 growth during rice flour fermentation performed with and without pH control. Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 11(7).

Hisbullah Y, Rinaldi W, Fathanah U. (2019). Development and validation of a modified Contois kinetics model for microalgae Chlorella kessleri. International Graduate Conference 2018, October 03-05, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.

Buba T, Agbo V, Abdullahi A, Emmanuel J. (2019). Sensitivity of mycelial growth of mushroom Agrocybe semiorbicularis to different concentrations of different disinfectants, BioTechnologia. 100 (4): 453–463.

Abdullah N, Ismail R, Johari NMK, Annuar MSM. (2013). Production of liquid culture of an edible grey oyster mushroom, Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) by submerged fermentation and sporophore yield on rubber wood sawdust. Scientia Horticulturae,. 161: 65–69.

Aziz F, Zakaria Z, Sarip MSM. (2023). Role of carrier agent in spray drying method for stickiness prevention and suitability in Pleurotus pulmonarius liquid spawn application: A review. AIP Conference Proceedings 2703, 040002.

Jayaprakash P, Gaiani C, Edorh J-M, Borges F, Audrey Maudhuit EB, Desobry S. (2023). Comparison of electrostatic spray drying, spray drying, and freeze drying for Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. Dehydration. Foods. 12: 3117.

Zakaria Z, Aziz F, Salleh MNH, Sarip MSM. (2024). Properties and microscopy analysis of encapsulated spray dried grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) powder culture from temperature effect. Kexue Tongbao/Chinese Science Bulletin. Vol. 69 (2): 1185-1194.

Chong SF, Zakaria Z, Low JZ. (2019). Investigation of chlamydospores and mycelium liquid culture storage period of grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) and effects on growth rate. Int. J. Adv. Sc. Eng. Tech. 7(2): 2321-8991.

Fatihah A, Zakaria Z, Sarip MSM. (2023). Role of carrier agent in spray drying method for stickiness prevention and suitability in Pleurotus pulmonarius liquid spawn application: A review. AIP Conference Proceeding. 2703 (1).

Jefferson E, Contreras-Ropero, Janet B, García-Martínez, Andrés F, Barajas-Solano. (2025). Integration of mathematical and experimental modeling for sustainable phycobiliprotein production via fed-batch cultures. S Afr J Chem Eng. 51: 35-44.

Zahari NZ, Tuah P M, Ali SAM, Sabullah MK. (2022). Microbial growth rate and distribution of doubling time at different concentration of oil sludge medium. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1022: 012075.

Mäkelä MR, Aguilar-Pontes MV, van Rossen-Ufnk D, Peng M, deVries RP. (2018). The fungus Aspergillus niger consumes sugars in a sequential manner that is not mediated by the carbon catabolite repressor CreA. Sci Rep. 8:6655.

Ksi??ek E. (2023). Citric acid: properties, microbial production, and applications in industries. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 29(1): 22.

Wang W, Dufour C, Zhou W. (2015). Impacts of spray-drying conditions on the physicochemical properties of soy sauce powders using maltodextrin as auxiliary drying carrier. CYTA J Food. 13(4): 548–555.

Downloads

Published

2026-01-12

How to Cite

Zakaria, Z., Aziz, F., Mohd Salleh, N. H., Md Sarip, M. S., & Chong, S. F. (2026). Growth Kinetics of Grey Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) Spawn Culture Revival from Spray Drying Application. IIUM Engineering Journal, 27(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i1.3842

Issue

Section

Chemical and Biotechnology Engineering

Most read articles by the same author(s)