Design and Optimization of a Flexible Antenna for ISM Band Wearable Devices via Inset Slot Integration and Parasitic Elements

Aiman Hakimi Rahimi; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad; Norun Farihah Abdul Malek; Farah Nadia Mohd Isa; Ahmad Zamani Jusoh; Aisha Hassan Abdalla Hashim

doi:10.31436/iiumej.v26i2.3463

Authors

Aiman Hakimi Rahimi International Islamic University Malaysia
Sarah Yasmin Mohamad International Islamic University Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-9664
Norun Farihah Abdul Malek International Islamic University Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9234-4139
Farah Nadia Mohd Isa International Islamic University Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-4151
Ahmad Zamani Jusoh International Islamic University Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7256-3118
Aisha Hassan Abdalla Hashim International Islamic University Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6331-1373

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v26i2.3463

Keywords:

flexible microstrip antenna, inset slots, parasitic elements, ISM band

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze and optimize the electrical properties of a flexible antenna to maximize its potential. The antenna's performance is enhanced by incorporating inset slots on both the patch and ground plane, as well as utilizing parasitic elements to improve the resonant frequency and achieve a wider bandwidth. The flexible antenna is designed to resonate within the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band of 5.725–5.875 GHz, using Rogers RO4003C with a dielectric constant of 3.55 and dimensions of 20 × 25 × 0.2032 mm³. The proposed antenna demonstrates promising results, with S₁₁ of -37.05 dB at 5.78 GHz, and a bandwidth of 158 MHz, ranging from 5.739–5.897 GHz. The usable ISM bandwidth is 136 MHz, representing 90.67% of the ISM frequency band. Theoretical, simulation, and experimental analyses confirm that embedding slots on the patch or ground plane, along with the use of parasitic elements, significantly enhances the antenna's resonant frequency, bandwidth, and efficiency. Because of its flexibility, improved resonant frequency, and wide bandwidth, this antenna has potential uses in the ISM frequency band to enable faster and more efficient data transmission.

ABSTRAK: Kajian ini bertujuan bagi menganalisa dan mengoptimum sifat elektrik antena fleksibel bagi memaksimum potensinya. Ciri-ciri antena dipertingkatkan lagi dengan penggunaan slot sisipan pada tampalan dan satah tanah, dan menggunakan elemen parasitik bagi meningkatkan frekuensi resonan dan mencapai lebar jalur yang lebih luas. Antena fleksibel ini direka untuk frekuensi Industri, Saintifik dan Perubatan (ISM) iaitu pada frekuensi 5.725–5.875 GHz menggunakan Rogers RO4003C dengan pemalar dielektrik 3.55 dan dimensi 20 × 25 × 0.2032 mm³. Antena yang dicadangkan ini menunjukkan hasil yang baik dengan S₁₁ -37.05 dB pada frekuensi 5.78 GHz, dan jalur lebar 158 MHz, dalam julat 5.739–5.897 GHz. Jalur lebar ISM mencapai 136 MHz iaitu bersamaan 90.67% jalur frekuensi ISM. Analisis teori, simulasi dan eksperimen membuktikan bahawa penggunaan slot pada tampalan atau di atas satah tanah, bersama elemen parasitik dapat membantu meningkatkan frekuensi resonan, lebar jalur dan kecekapan antena. Oleh kerana fleksibilitinya, frekuensi resonan meningkat dan jalur lebar bertambah luas. Antena ini berpotensi bagi penggunaan jalur frekuensi ISM dengan penghantaran data yang lebih pantas dan cekap.

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Author Biography

Sarah Yasmin Mohamad, International Islamic University Malaysia

Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Kulliyyah of Engineering
International Islamic University Malaysia

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