Editorial

Abstract

CHIEF EDITOR

Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia

TECHNICAL EDITOR

Khairul Azami Sidek, IIUM, Malaysia

EXECUTIVE EDITOR

Teddy Surya Gunawan, IIUM, Malaysia

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Nor Farahidah Za’bah, IIUM, Malaysia

LANGUAGE EDITOR

Lynn Mason, Malaysia

COPY EDITOR

Aliza ‘Aini Md Ralib, IIUM, Malaysia
Suriza Ahmad Zabidi, IIUM, Malaysia

MALAY TRANSLATOR

Nurul Arfah Che Mustapha, IIUM, Malaysia

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia
Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia
Aishah Najiah Dahnel, IIUM, Malaysia
Alya Naili Rozhan, IIUM, Malaysia
Ani Liza Asnawi, IIUM, Malaysia
Hanafi Ani, IIUM, Malaysia
Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia
Huda Adibah Mohd. Ramli, IIUM, Malaysia
Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada
Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia
Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia
Mohamed B. Trabia, United States
Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States
Mohd Sultan Ibrahim Shaik Dawood, IIUM, Malaysia
Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore
Noorasikin Samat, IIUM, Malaysia
Nor Fadhillah Mohamed Azmin, IIUM, Malaysia
Norsinnira Zainul Azlan, IIUM, Malaysia
Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States
Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Anwar, United States
Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia
Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia
Hany Ammar, United States
Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria
K.B. Ramachandran, India Kunzu
Abdella, Canada
Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France
M Mujtaba, United Kingdom
Mohamed AI-Rubei, Ireland
Mohamed B Trabia, United States
Syed Kamrul Islam, United States
Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia.

AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUMENGINEERING JOURNAL

The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually (January and July), is a carefully refereed international publication of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of engineering and applied science are also welcome. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers and Invited review papers. It also welcomes contributions that address solutions to the specific challenges of the developing world, as well as science and technology issues, from an Islamic and multidisciplinary perspective.

REFEREES’ NETWORK

All papers submitted to the IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees’ assessments.

SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT

A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM-Engineering Journal website at https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal. The journal website can also be used for further correspondence on the paper's status.

Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement.

IIUM Engineering Journal

ISSN: 1511-788X  E-ISSN: 2289-7860

Published by:
IIUM Press,
International Islamic University Malaysia
Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Phone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-6298