EDITORIAL

Abstract

CHIEF EDITOR

Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia

TECHNICAL EDITOR

Sany Izan Ihsan, IIUM, Malaysia

EXECUTIVE EDITOR

AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Nor Farahidah Za’bah, IIUM, Malaysia

LANGUAGE EDITOR

Lynn Mason, Malaysia

COPY EDITOR

Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia

Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia

Ali Sophian, IIUM, Malaysia

Erwin Sulaeman, IIUM, Malaysia

Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia

Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia

Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada

Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia

Md Zahangir Alam, IIUM, Malaysia

Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia

Mohamed B. Trabia, United States

Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States

Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore

Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States

Othman O Khalifa, IIUM, Malaysia

Razi Nalim, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Rosminazuin AB. Rahim, IIUM, Malaysia

Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Anwar, United States

Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia

Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia

Hany Ammar, United States

Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria

K.B. Ramachandran, India

Kunzu Abdella, Canada

Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France

M Mujtaba, United Kingdom

Mohamed AI-Rubei, Ireland

Mohamed B Trabia, United States

Syed Kamrul Islam, United States

Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary

Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia.

AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL

The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually (January and July), is a carefully refereed international publication of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines; covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of Engineering and Applied Science are also welcomed. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers and Invited review papers. It also welcomes contributions that address solutions to the specific challenges of the developing world, and address science and technology issues from an Islamic and multidisciplinary perspective.

REFEREES’ NETWORK

All papers submitted to IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees’ assessments.

SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT

A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM-Engineering Journal website at

http://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal. Further correspondence on the status of the paper could be done through the journal website.

Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.

IIUM Engineering Journal

ISSN: 1511-788X   E-ISSN: 2289-7860

Published by:

IIUM Press,

International Islamic University Malaysia

Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Phone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-6298