مفهوم الدولة وضرورة وجودها في ضوء القرآن الكريم والواقع المعاصر The Concept of State and Its Necessary Existence considering the Noble Qur’an and the Present Reality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/alrisalah.v2i1.346Keywords:
Necessity – existence – state – Qur’ān – present reality, ضرورة- وجود- الدولة- القرآن- الواقع المعاصر.Abstract
يركز هذا البحث على بيان مفهوم الدولة من خلال استنباط معانٍ دالة على ضرورة وجودها انطلاقاً من القرآن الكريم والواقع المعاصر، وتكمن مشكلة البحث في أن المفكرين الإسلاميين القدامى -حسب اطلاع الباحث- لم يتناولوا الدولة بالمفهوم الحديث كما في الفكر الغربي. ذلك أن الدولة رمز للنظام والقانون، والحياة لا تستقيم إلا بهما، كذلك يركز هذا البحث على الاختلاف بين الفكر السياسي الإسلامي ونظيره الغربي في فهم وتعريف الدولة، حيث تختلف الثقافات والقناعات بين الاتجاهين، وذلك من خلال استخدام المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي. وقد أثبت البحث من خلال إبراز أهم النتائج أن الدولة مرتبطة بالحياة، لا غنى عنها للحياة الكريمة والعدالة الاجتماعية المتوازنة في كل مرافق الحياة وخصوصاً السياسية والقانونية.
This research focuses on elucidating the concept of state through deducing conceptions that indicate its necessary existence, and that being from the Qur’ānic perspective as well as the present reality. The research problem lies in the fact that the traditional Islamic thinkers – according to the researcher’s knowledge – did not discuss the state as a modern concept as in Western thought. This is because the state is a symbol of system and law, without which life cannot proceed properly. Also, this research highlights the difference between Islamic political thought and its Western counterpart in understanding and defining the state, as the two trends differ in culture and conviction; this was done using an inductive and analytical methodology. Highlighting the most significant results, the research proved that the state is closely connected to life and cannot be done without for providing a good life and balanced social justice in all aspects of life, especially the political and legal.
Downloads
References
‘Abd Allah Al-‘Arawī. 2011. Mafhūm Al-Dawlah. 9th ed. Casablanca: Al-Markaz Al-Thaqāfī Al-‘Arabī.
‘Abd Al-Malik Bin Hishām bin Ayyūb Al-Ḥumayrī Al-Ma’āfiri, Abū Muḥammad, Jamāl Al-Dīn. 1955/ 1375. Al-Sīrah Al-Nabawiyyah Li Ibn Hishām. 2nd ed. Cairo: Maktabah Muṣṭafā Al-Bābī Al-Ḥalabī wa Awlāduhu.
‘Uthmān Jum’ah Ḍamiriyyah. 2007. Al-Niẓām Al-Siyāsī wa al-Dustūrī fī Al-Islām: Dirāsat Muqāranah. 1st ed. Al-Imārāt Al-‘Arabiyyah Al-Muttaḥidah: Al-Shāriqah, Jāmi’ah Al-Shāriqah.
Abū ‘Abd Allah Aḥmad bin Muḥammad Bin Ḥanbal bin Hilāl bin Asad Al-Shaibānī. 2001/ 1421. Musnad Al-Imam Aḥmad Bin Ḥanbal. Taḥqīq: Shu’aib Al-Alnawūṭ - ‘Ādil Murshid. 1st ed. Bayrūt: Muàssasat Al-Risālah.
Abū ‘Abd Allah Muḥammad bin Abī Bakr bin Ayyūb ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah. 1428. Al-Ṭuruq Al-Ḥukmiyyah Fī Al-Siyāsah Al-Shar’iyyah Taḥqīq: Nayef bin Aḥmad Al-Ḥamad. N. ed. Saudi: Dār ‘Ālam Al-Fawā’id
Abū ‘Abd Allah Muḥammad Bin Sa’ad bin Manī’ Al-Hāshimī Bil Wala’, Al-Baṣrī, Al-Baghdādī Al-Ma’rūf bi Ibn Sa’ad. 1416. Al-Ṭabaqāt Al-Kubrā. Taḥqīq: ‘Abd Al-‘Azīz ‘Abd Allah Al-Sallūmī. N. ed. Saudi: Maktabat Al-Ṣadīq.
Abū ‘Awānah Ya’qūb bin Isḥāq bin Ibrāhīm Al-Naysābūrī. 1998/1419. Mustakhraj Abī ‘Awānah. Taḥqīq: Ayman bin ‘Ārif Al-Dimashqi. 1st ed. Bayrūt: Dār Al-Ma’rifah.
Abū Al-Fadhl Jamāl Al-Dīn Muḥammad bin Mukrim Bin Manẓūr Al-Afrīqī Al-Mīsrī. 1414. Lisān Al-‘Arab. 3rd ed. Bayrut: Dār Ṣādir.
Abū Al-Qasim Maḥmud bin ‘Amru bin Aḥmad, Az-Zamakhsharī Jār Allah. 1998/1419. Asās Al-Balāghah. Taḥqīq: Muḥammad Bāsil ‘Uyūn Al-Sūd. 1st Ed. Bayrut: Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Abū Hilāl Al-Ḥasan Bin Abd Allah Bin Sahl Bin Sa’īd bin Yaḥyā Bin Mahrān Al-‘Askarī. 1412H. Mu’jam Al-Furūq Al-Lughawiyyah. Taḥqīq: As-Shaykh Bayt Allah Bayāt. 1st Ed. Irān: Mu`assasat An-Nashr Al-Islāmī.
Abū Naṣr Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin Ṭarkhān Al-Farābī. N.D. Ārā’ Ahl Al-Madinah Al-Fāḍilah. N. Ed. Bayrūt: Dār Al-Mashriq.
Abū Nu’aim Aḥmad Bin ‘Abd Allah bin Aḥmad bin Ishāq bin Mūsā bin Mahrān Al-Aṣbahānī. 1998/ 1419. Ma’rifat Al-Ṣaḥābah. Taḥqīq: ‘Adil bin Yūsuf Al-‘Azzāzī. 1st ed. Al-Riyādh: Dār Al-Waṭan Li Al-Nashr.
Aḥmad Zakī Badawī. Mu’jam Muṣtalaḥat Al-‘Ulum Al-Ijtimā’iyyah (English-Arabic-French).
Aḥmad Zakī Badwī. N.D. Mu’jam Muṣṭalaḥāt Al-‘Ulūm Al-Ijtima’iyyah (English-Arabic). N.ed. Bayrūt: Maktabat Lubnān.
Hossam Moussa Mohamed Shoushahttps://journals.iium.edu.my/al-risalah/index.php/al-risalah/article/view/23 . العدد الأول،
Jāk Dūh Nīdīh Dī Fabīr. N. D. Al-Dawlah. Tarjamat: Aḥmad Ḥasīb ‘Abbas. N. ed. Cairo: Sharikat Al-Amal.
Majd Al-Dīn Abū Ṭāhir Bin Ya’qūb Al-Fayruz Ābādī. 2005/1426. Al-Qāmūs Al-Muḥiṭ. 8th ed. Taḥqīq: Maktab Taḥqīq Al-Turath Fī Mu’assasat Al-Risālah. Bayrūt: Mu`assasat Al-Risālah Li Al-Ṭibā’ah wa An-Nashr wa At-Tawzi’.
Hossam Moussa Mohamed Shousha, Conditions of the human soul in the Holy Quran and how to deal with it, Al-Risalah: Journal of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (ARJIHS) e-ISSN: 2600-8394, Vol 1 No 1 (2017).
Muḥammad ‘Alī Maḥmūd Ṣabaḥ. 2011. Idārat Al-Dawlah Fī Al-Islām Dirasah Ta’ṣiliyyah li Mafhūm Idarat Al-Dawlah fī Al-Fikr Al-Siyāsī Al-Islāmī. Uṭruḥah Li Risālah Al-Majister bi Jāmi’ah Al-Najāḥ Al-Waṭaniyyah bi Falasṭīn.
Muḥammad Bin Ismā’īl Abū Abd Allah Al-Bukhārī Al-Ju’fī. 1422. Al-Jāmi’ Al-Musnad Al-Ṣahīh Al-Mukhtaṣar Min Umur Al-Rasūl Allah Wa Sunanihi wa Ayyāmihi = Ṣahīh Al-Bukhārī. N.ed. Bayrūt: Dār Ṭawq Al-Najāt.
Muḥammad Ṭal’at Al-‘Utaymi. N. D. Qanūn Al-Salām Fī Al-Islām. N. ed. Al-Iskandariyyah: Mansha`at Al-Ma’ārif.
Munīr Al-Ba’labakī, Ramzī Munīr Al-Ba’labakī. N.D. Al-Mawrid Al-Hadīth (English-Arabic). N. ed. Bayrūt: Dār Al-‘Ilm Lil Malāyīn.
Muslim Bin Al-Ḥujjāj Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Qushayrī Al-Naysābūrī. N. D. Al-Musnad Al-Ṣaḥīh Al-Mukhtaṣar Bi Naql Al-‘Adl ‘An Al-‘Adl Ilā Rasūl Allah. N. ed. Bayrūt: Dār Iḥyā` Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabī.
Riyādh ‘Aziz Hādī. 1999/1420. Mafhūm Al-Dawlat Wa Nushu`uha ‘Inda Ibn Khaldūn. Majallah Al-‘Ulūm Al-Ijtima’iyyah (English-Arabic). 1st ed. Al-Riyādh: Dār ‘Ālam Al-Kutub Li Al-Ṭiba’ah wa Al-Nashr wa Al-Tawzi’.
Ṣalāḥ ‘Abd Al-Badī’ Shalbī. 1996. Iqlīm Al-Dawlah Fī Al-Fikr Al-Islamī wa Al-Qanūn Al-Duwalī. 1st ed. Cairo: Dār Al-Nahdhat Al-‘Arabiyyah.
Sayyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm. 1412. Fī Ẓilāl Al-Qur`ān. 17th ed. Cairo: Dār Al-Shurūq.
Ṣuhayb ‘Abd Al-Jabbār. Al-Jāmi’ Al-Ṣaḥīh Li Al-Sunan wa Al-Masānīd. 2014. Kitab: Al-‘Aqīdah Al-Thānī.
Sulaymān bin Aḥmad Bin Ayyūb bin Maṭīr Al-Lakhmī Al-Shāmī, Abū Al-Qāsim Al-Ṭabrānī. 1985/ 1405. Al-Rawḍ Al-Dānī (Al-Mu’jam Al-Saghīr). Taḥqīq: Muḥammad Shakūr Maḥmūd Al-Hajj Amrī. Bayrūt: Al-Maktab Al-Islāmī.
Taqī Al-Dīn Abū Al-‘Abbās Aḥmad bin ‘Abd Al-Ḥalīm bin ‘Abd Al-Salām bin ‘Abd Allah bin Abī Al-Qāsim bin Muḥammad Ibn Taymiyyah Al-Ḥanbalī Al-Dimashqi. 1418. Al-Siyāsat Al-Shar’iyyah Fī Iṣlāh Al-Rā’ī wa Al-Ra’yah. 1st ed. Saudi: Wizārat Al-Shu’ūn Al-Islāmiyyah wa al-Awqāf wa Al-Da’wah wa Al-Irsyād.
Yūsuf Al-Qarḍāwī. 1997/ 1417. Min Fiqh Al-Dawlah Fī Al-Islām. 1st ed. Cairo: Dār Al-Shurūq.
Zayn Al-Dīn Abū ‘Abd Allah Muḥammad bin Abī Bakr Bin ‘Abd Al-Qādir Al-Ḥanafī Al-Rāzī. 1999/1420. Mukhtār Al-Siḥḥāh. Taḥqīq: Yūsuf Al-Shayk Muḥammad. 5th ed. Bayrut: Al-Maktabat Al-‘Aṣriyyah Al-Namūdzajiyyah.
