Al-Risalah: Journal of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (ARJIHS)

مفاهيم الاستخارة لدى الملايويين، آثارها وتصحيحها

Nurul Jannah Zainan Nazri — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Our Prophet Muhammad pbuh emphasised on Istikharah as mentioned in multiple hadiths and it is a form of practice that is highly encouraged. Hence, this study aims to explain the true concept of istikharah which is pure from superstitions and bid’ah practices that could affect one’s faith and belief. This study highlights the common practices of Muslims, especially in the Malay Muslim community in Malaysia, unveiling the types of Istikharah that they practise and correcting the mistakes in the light of Sunnah. There are three approaches that were adopted in this study: inductive, analytical and critical. The use of inductive approach was seen in the utilization of sources and references related to the hadith, from its meaning, its ways, wisdom and so on. The analytical approach was used in explaining the du’aa (supplication) of Istikharah, in a detailed manner to have its content clear and message reached. It was also employed in classifying the Ahadith Istikharah into three major parts: istikharah in general as in hadith Jabir r.a. that was reported by various narrators, hadith istikharah in proposal as well as hadith istikharah and its relation to happiness. Lastly, the critical approach was adopted in unveiling the types of Istikharah among the Malays in Malaysia and identifying some of their misconceptions on ahadith istikharah and any superstitious practices that can harm their faiths and beliefs. The findings of the study have led the researcher into a conclusion by correcting the misconceptions of istikharah before, during and after practising it in the light of Sunnah.

منهج الكواشي في القراءات الثلاث المتممة للعشرة

Radwan Jamal Elatrash, Atierh Thaer Abdulhafidh, Sofiah Binti Samsudin — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Al Kuashi is one of the scholars who is well versed in using Qira’at in his exegesis. Many students do not know the methodology Al Kuashi adopted. A careful look at Kuashi’s exegesis reveals his inclusion of all the successive and the uncommon Qira’at. For the purpose of this research، the researchers decided that the inductive and analytical approach best suits this research to reach the desired outcomes including، for example، Qira’at are integral parts of our exegetical heritage which began with the first revelation of the Qur’an. Ibn Mujahid laid for its foundation in his book “Al-Qira’at Assab`” and Al-Tabari included it in his exegesis and thus was adopted by many exegetes including Al Kuashi. The three other Qira’at that complement the ten are Abi Ja`far Yazid Al-Qa`qa`’s، Yaqoub al-Hadhrami’s، and Khalaf Al-Bazzar’s. Al Kuashi believes that successive Qira’at are the seven، based on his approach as he says: “If I say so and so، then I am referring to the seven Qira’at، and when I say that it was read this way، then I am referring to an uncommon Qira’at. Therefore، it is no surprise that he included all types of Qira’at in his book ‘al-Talkhees’.

البنية الأخلاقية في التراث الإسلامي المبكر دراسة مقارنة بين الإمام والماوردي والأصفهاني والغزالي

Yosria Ibrahim Taha Ali, Berghout Abdelaziz — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

e paper analyses the concept of ethics in the early Islamic heritage with the focusing on three prominent Muslims scholars, namely: Imam Al-Isfahani, Al-Ghazali, Al-Mawardi who played a significance role in deliberating the concept. The study statement of the problem is to answer the following questions: What is the core and concept of ethics in the mentioned scholars' views; what is the basis of the concept according to each them and what is their contributions to the concept of Islamic ethics.

These prominent scholars in the field of Islamic ethics applied the Qur'anic view to present illustrious concept shows the importance of ethics and their social spheres. Hence, the paper depends on inductive analytical methodology to illustrate and analyses the concept of ethics and its basis in order to understand the interrelated dimensions for those scholars' views whether are descriptive, educational, juristic or practical one so the study is limited to the three mentioned scholars.

The study objectives are: explaining the concept of ethics and its basis deep root according to these scholars. Accordingly, the paper concludes that the concept of ethics is strongly present in the early Islamic heritage particularly in the works of the three scholars' examples and contributions. Further, it worth mentioning that they are pioneers who put forward the framework of defining the ethics according to Islamic norms that were governed by Islam teachings where its authenticity is ascertained strongly on wisdom, bravery, justice and integrity.

Keynote: Ethics.. Ethics Structure Basis.. The early Islamic Heritage.

بيان موقف ابن تَيمِيَّة من تحريف لفظ التوراة والإنجيل

Abdulla Ali Matooq Altamimi, FATMIR SHEHU — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

This scientific paper will clarify Ibn Taymiyyah's position on the partial distortion of the wording of the Torah and the Gospel by studying the statement of the evidence on which he relied. The purpose of this study seeks to clarify Ibn Taymiyyah's position on the partial distortion of the Torah and the Bible, and on how to deal with distorted books. The study is important in terms of Ibn Taymiyyah's position on the Qur'an and the Sunnah, due to his reliance on Islamic Law in his inference. This paper discusses, firstly, the basisc terms used in this research, such as verbal and moral distortion, what is meant by them, and how to grasp them, by giving a visualization or a brief model for each type of distortion; secondly: Ibn Taymiyyah’s position on partial distortion by mentioning the selected texts from his book and clarifying what he intends to do so; and thirdly: the evidence on which Ibn Taymiyyah relied of partial distortion of the wording of the Torah and the Gospel. The method used in this study is the descriptive-analytical. It is expected from this study the accurate explanation of Ibn Taymiyyah's position on the partial distortion of the wording of the Torah and the Bible.

منهج المراغي في التفسير السياسي للقرآن

MAHER Ghazali, Radwan Jamal Elatrash — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Al Marāghī’s interpretation is regarded as one of the finest contemporary interpretations that focused on elaborating the meanings of the Qur’an while taking people's understandings and society at the time into account. The impact of the various political scenarios the interpreter experienced was evident in his interpretation of discovering the significant political issues and concerns found in the Qur'an. As a result, this study aims to reveal the political interpretation approach of al Marāghī, so that it can be used to comprehend the dimensions of the Qur'anic meanings in these issues. To accomplish this, the study used two approaches: the inductive approach, which attempted to identify the political aspects contained in al Marāghī's interpretations, and then the analytical approach which studies and analyses the content of the political aspects in his interpretation. The study concluded that al Marāghī relied on three main approaches to highlight the political interpretation of the Qur'an, namely: placing the Qur’anic verses in modern contexts, highlighting divine universal principles in individuals and societies, and finally considering the history of the nations and civilizations.

بدائل العقوبات السجنية: الإشكاليات ومعالجاتها من المنظورين القانوني والشرعي

Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-Shaeer Al-Baghdadi, M.Tahir Sabit — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Abstract

This study discussed the failure of imprisonment alternatives in achieving their goals of reducing prison populations and reducing the costs of imprisonment. The analytical descriptive approach was utilized to determine the causes of the problem and to explore a number of possible solutions. The study concluded that there are two main reasons for the problem. The first relates to weaknesses in implementing the alternatives resulting from several errors in implementation. Accordingly, the study suggested addressing this issue by raising awareness of the importance of imprisonment alternatives, not limiting backup sanctions to imprisonment, not applying contemporary alternatives as a replacement for traditional ones but as a replacement for imprisonment, and expanding the application of the alternatives. The second reason relates to the nature of the alternatives and their inability to replace imprisonment in the case of serious penalties. The study addressed this issue by suggesting a number of solutions, including benefiting from non-custodial penalties in the Islamic criminal system, reducing unjustified criminalization, expanding restorative justice, improving criminal justice efficiency, and reducing crime rates.

Keywords: weak implementation of alternatives, inability of alternatives, legal solutions, Shari'ah solutions.

نشأة علم التفسير وتطوره في نيجيريا

Shuaib ABBA KASIM, Nadzrah Ahmad — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

This study highlights the origin and development of the science of Qur’anic interpretation (tafsīr) in Nigeria. It deals with the definition of Qur’anic interpretation linguistically and technically. It summarizes the history of Nigeria, its geography and the lives of the people from religious, social, and political aspects. The study took into brief account the entry and spread of Islam in Nigeria with special focus on Islamic education and its development in Nigeria. The emergence and development of the science of Qur’anic interpretation and its stages were addressed by highlighting the most prominent scholars who exerted their efforts in this field. As a result, this study found that the school of Sheikh Uthman bin Fodio has introduced and invented a new method of Qur’anic interpretation which was not preceded by any interpreter before him in this continent. The keenness of the people and government to serve the Book of Allah especially before the emergence of the Colonials in the region together with the unceasing interest of the Kings and Sultans such as King of Kano, Muhammad Rumfa and King Aliyu Yaji have indeed catalyzed the growth of Qur’anic interpretation in this region. The study also found that the emergence of the Salafist group and its approach to linking the verses with reality, has given the area of knowledge a great advantage.

Keywords: Quranic interpretation (tafsīr), Nigeria, development, assembly

التوجيه الصرفي في الأسماء في قراءة عاصم بروايتي حفص وشعبة: دراسة في الدلالة

ASEM ALI — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

This study examines the statement and study of the morphological analysis in Asem's reading narrated by Hafs and Shu'bah, which is an important element in mastering the science of Qur'anic readings. The study aims to demonstrate impact of the two narrations of Hafs and Shu'bah in connotation. The study used the descriptive and analytical approach. This study search in the theory and collected information from multiple sources and references and analyzed aspects of the meaning in the reading of Hafs and Shu'bah through Asem. The study analyzed a morphological issue in the two narrators. The study concluded that the difference in the morphological reading of the narrators through Asem was great, and that the difference between the narrators in morphology leads to a multiplicity of meanings and their expansion in the Arabic language, and that the Qur’anic readings have an impact on the reading of the different vocabulary and contexts of the Qur’anic verses.

مقاصد تكوين الأسرة المسلمة والمحافظة عليها من منظور القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية

Rahma Abdurahman, Radwan Jamal Elatrash — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Abstract:

This study aims to shed light on the purposes of family formation as the first building block of society, from the perspective of the Holy Qur’an to preserve it. It is known that the Qur’an’s honoring of the family is one of the reasons for the survival of the human species in the universe, and its preservation from extinction and annihilation. It is absolute servitude to God. With the presence of the family, the complete and absolute servitude to God is realized. The two researchers relied on the inductive approach by collecting Qur’anic verses and the noble Prophetic hadiths that spoke about the purposes of family formation. The study also took the descriptive analytical approach to show the importance of family formation in the light of the Qur’anic verses and its interpretation using the sayings of the commentators and scholars, and then analyzing it and eliciting its connotations and achieving the major goal in creating the human being. The research concluded the most important results, including that one of the most important purposes of family formation is the goal of strengthening religion, the goal of strengthening social relations and the goal of developing economic resources.

Keywords: intentions, composition, the Muslim family, conservatism, the Noble Qur’an, the Sunnah of the Prophet.

أحوال المناسخات من خلال أحكام الفرائض في الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة تطبيقية في محاكم شرعية بماليزيا

HASSAN, Abdul Bari bin Awang , Ainun Nadzirah binti Abdul Rahim — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Abstract:

This research aims to study the Circumstances of cases with more than one deceased (al-Munāsakhāt) and apply them to some of the disputed issues in Islamic inheritance law, then choose the preponderant opinion on the issues, mention the chosen opinion in the Sharia courts in Malaysia, and clarify the authority of the Sharia courts and their procedures in managing the Islamic inheritance issue in general and layered death of heirs in particular. The researcher relied on the descriptive-analytical approach to explain the methods of solving the layered death issue, and to analyze the sayings of scholars on the selected inheritance issues and to know the preponderant opinion of them. The inductive approach was also used to collect the required information from various sources, as well as the field study, by conducting interviews with some officers in the field of study. Then, the research concluded with a set of results, the most important of which are that the different conditions of the layered death are according to the difference of the heirs of the deceased and their share of the inheritance, and then the method of arithmetic work for them varies. Also, the authority of the Sharia court in Malaysia to administer the Islamic inheritance issue is limited to proving the share of the heirs by issuing the faraid certificate and as a reference when disputes related to the Islamic inheritance law occur. As for the disputed rulings in Islamic inheritance law among the scholars, the views differed between the researcher and what the Sharia courts in Malaysia chose in weighting (tarjīh) this issue. The study recommends the need for institutions related to inheritance affairs to spread awareness among the community about issues related to inheritance, and to improve the administrative efficiency to facilitate the procedures for dividing the inheritance, and also for the fatwa and judiciary council in Malaysia to ensure that the law, or the applicable and prevailing ruling, is consistent with the most appropriate jurisprudential opinions, and that it achieves the interests of Muslims and takes into account their circumstances.

الحماية الجنائية للطفل في التشريعات القديمة والقوانين الدولية ومصادرها

nadia mohammed, Abdul Bari Bin Awang — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Abstract

Childhood enjoys special protection from the human being, which is reflected in the child's care and protection from all dangers that interfere in his life, whether physical or psychological. This is because the rights of the child are the foundation around which all nations and peoples revolve, regardless of their intellectual and ideological orientations. The development of this protection of the rights of the child through the succession of civilizations and heavenly laws and the corresponding rights in modern international charters will be sufficient to inculcate a basic principle in the souls that the Islamic religion has adopted. Great care of the child for thousands of years and giving him care, attention, and rights that are not found in anyone else, and perhaps the splendor of the Qur’anic statement that describes the stages of childhood in words of brevity and miraculous Ness is the best. . a proof of that: O People, if you should be in doubt about the Resurrection, then [consider that] indeed, We created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop, then from a clinging clot, and then from a lump of flesh, formed and unformed - that We may show you. And We settle in the wombs whom We will for a specified term, then We bring you out as a child, and then [We develop you] that you may reach your [time of] maturity.

Editorial

Kabuye Uthman Sulaiman — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Abortion in Religious Perspectives: Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism

Fatimah Karim — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Abortion is understood as the unnatural termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to viability. Religion is a key factor that control of morality in the society today. The arguments on the morality of abortion are often based on the religious beliefs. Hence, in this study, the researcher will discuss the argument of abortion particularly in three major religions in Malaysia which are Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. In order to study the topic, the researcher relies on the descriptive method and analytical method. One of the important findings of the research is that abortion as seen by Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism with each referring to their own sacred texts as a guiding foundation, did not support the abortion. However, all of these religions accept abortion as a means to save the mother's life. Thus, in order to curb the increasing number of abortions that carried out without any valid reason in nowadays secularization era, there are some measures that have to be taken seriously especially in religion, education, and cultural aspects.

Keywords: Abortion, Religious, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism.

Malay Linguistic Taboos: A Study on Social Acceptance and Gender Differences

Homam Altabaa, FARAH ATHIRA BINTI FADZIR — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

The phenomenon of linguistic taboo has not been fully explored in Malay society. This paper attempts to bring this phenomenon into focus by investigating it in terms of social acceptance and gender differences. It examines the Malays’ perceptions of the concept and the use of linguistic taboos to express emotions. The paper also identifies and analyses which of the chosen categories of taboo words are deemed highly offensive and which are not. Besides that, it scrutinizes the extent to which there is a correlation between gender communication stereotypes and the use of taboo language. The study employs a qualitative approach where the researchers interviewed four respondents who study at the International Islamic University Malaysia. The data collected shows that linguistic taboos are accepted as a norm to express emotions, provided they do not offend the listeners. The results showed that among the studied categories of taboo words, the sexual act category is the most offensive while the death category is the least offensive. These findings make it clear that the ways these linguistic taboos are treated are conditioned by the culture and norms of the society. The study also dispelled the widely cited proposal by Robin Lakoff (1973) that women use politer forms of language. The findings indicate that it is acceptable for women nowadays to use linguistic taboos.

The Islamic principles and guidelines to Household Solid Waste Management

Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Islam is a progressive religion that covers all aspects of human life, including social, economic, and the environment. The Islamic traditions in numerous occasions have called for environmental protection, waste management (including household solid waste), and appreciation of resources. It is obvious that part of the environmental crises and waste of resources mankind is facing today, is due to his spiritual malaise, and the failure to account for the God-given resources. To this effect, this paper analyses the Islamic instructions and principles, and their application to household solid waste management. The paper adopted content analyses of primary resources (Qur'an and Sunnah), commentaries of exegetes and jurists, and relevant Islamic principles and Islamic legal maxims to address the issue at hand. The paper concluded that the shared vision and wisdom of the Islamic teachings and tradition should reflect our common values and commitments to the welfare of the people and the environment. On this occasion, the paper recommends that the Islamic teachings on the subject matter can make a distinctive contribution to that vision by infusing man’s preservation of the natural environment particularly to the management of household solid waste with transcendent (revealed) values and ethics that look toward the common interest and welfare of humanity as a whole and the environment.

Ethics from the perspective of Qur’an-Sunnah and the impact of digital world on students’ ethics in the modern time

Nur Mohammad, Abdur Rahman, Tamim — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

The current age and world are referred to as the "Digital Age" and "Digital World," respectively. We are the residents of this digital universe. Digitalization influences every aspect of our lives. Technological progress has made lives easier and more beautiful. We are surrounded by digital technology from the moment we wake up to the moment we go to sleep. The Internet, smartphone, computer, or smart television is our constant companion. Nonetheless, his digitization of technology is also abused. which has a significant effect on adolescents and young students. Today, their ethics are on the verge of extinction. The goal of this study is to find out what bad things digital technology is doing to students right now so that students can be protected from these bad things in the future and their moral character can improve. The study is qualitative in nature, employing the textual analysis method to describe the ethics and examine the impact of digital world on students’ ethics in the modern time while describing its impact through the examination of articles, journals, books, previous research, reports, newspapers, and internet sources. This study provides a review of related literature on the topic by examining databases such as Google Scholar.

The “Right to Equality” in Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): a Qur’anic Analysis

Noor Mohammad Osmani, Md Fakar Uddin — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

The “Right to Equality” has been articulated in the first article of the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948”. The Qur’an and Sunnah had also instructed about it centuries before. But the Right has been neglected and violated throughout the globe with impunity despite clear declaration and stern actions from the UN and paramount emphasis in the Qur’an and Sunnah for protecting this right. The purpose of this study therefore, is to explore how this “Right to Equality” has been enshrined in UDHR and in the Qur’an and Sunnah; how it is being protected by UN and by the Qur’an and Sunnah; and whether this right is compatible with the sacred texts of the Qur’an and the instructions of the Sunnah of Prophet (PBUH). This study has adopted descriptive, analytical, evaluative and critical methods to describe the fundamental human right in the UDHR and the Qur’an, to analyse and evaluate its stance in the light of the sacred texts and provide critical evaluation whenever necessary. The study found that the UDHR enshrined this “Right to Equality” with a clear statement wherein no clause appears to be contradictory with the teachings of the Qur’an and Sunnah. The contradictions appear when some interpreters misconstrue this right according to their whims, and personal interests. Consequently, the abuse of this right, inequality, discriminations against some particular people on the basis of race, gender, colour, religion and ethnicity are common across the world, though UN is diligent with its other entities for promoting and protecting this right. The Qur’an Sunnah’s noble approach seems strongly effective for promoting and protecting it, as the Qur’anic commands and declaration of rewards for its implementation make this right actively implemented and the strong prohibitions, warnings and declaring sever punishments for violations make it strongly protected.

The role of education to enhance literacy in Islam

Ahmad Amin — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

This paper looks at how education helps people learn to read and write from an Islamic point of view. The ability to read and write is literacy, which is necessary for learning. The goal of this study is to show how the role of education in Islam enhances literacy skills by describing the principles of education and the institutionalization of education. The research brings important insight into acquiring literacy skills, which are most emphasized in Islamic education from the first revelation of the Holy Qur’an. The focus of discussion is on the concept of literacy and how the principles of education in Islam and the institutionalization of education in Islam enhance literacy skills. The analytical methods and historical description are used throughout the study. This work finds out that literacy abilities open the door to knowledge acquisition and are essential for the development of any nation. Additionally, Islam views education as a duty that must be fulfilled in order to ensure and promote literacy in both worldly and heavenly education. According to the history of Islamic education, institutionalizing education may successfully raise literacy rates.

Representation of Muslims in William Shakespeare's Othello

Homam Altabaa, Maryam Shofia Bt Mohamad Nasir — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Muslims in Western writings are usually attributed distorted images and negative characteristics by the writers. It has become a great concern that the misrepresentation of Muslims in Western writings influences the readers’ perception of Islam and Muslims, thus contributing to Islamophobia that is still prevalent in the present world. The history of misrepresentation of Muslims in Western literary writings dates back to centuries ago seeing how canonical writers like Thomas Dekker and Christopher Marlowe perpetuated the negative representations of Muslims characters in their works. This study attempts to shed light on the images and portrayals of Muslims in Othello (1603-1604), a play written by William Shakespeare during the early Elizabethan period. In order to conduct an in-depth analysis of this topic, this study employs the theory of postcolonialism, particularly adopting one of its prominent concepts, Orientalism as the main theoretical framework. The results of the analysis suggest that Shakespeare uses the Orientalist stereotypes of Muslims in the construction of the Moor and the Turks in the play. This study contributes to the future discussion of the Anglo-Islamic relations and the representation of Muslims in Elizabethan plays.

Dawah Activities towards Youths in Bangladesh: Challemges and Prospects in the Light of Prophetc Model

NOOR MOHAMMAD OSMANI, TABIB — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0800

Since the independence of Bangladesh, much daÑwah works have been conducted in various ways either individually or jointly to spread the beauty of Islam. Somehow, these daÑwah entities appear to be less alert to the youth's concerns. As a result, the basic teachings and principles of Islam still remained blurry to the Bangladeshi Muslim youth. As a result, the Muslim youth of Bangladesh is rising to develop anti-Islamic sentiments and thoughts. The present study will examine the claimed issues and concerns as a qualitative study, data collections will depend on textual analysis, contemporary reports, document analysis, and internet sources. Besides, some semi semi-structured interviews will be conducted with the daÑwah experts in Bangladesh. So, the objective of the study will be to set up the major challenges in presenting Islamic daÑwah to the Muslim youth in Bangladesh with the implementation of the Prophetic Method of daÑwah and some recommendations. The constructive proposal will act as a turning point in daÑwah work among the Bangladeshi youth especially and the scholars of contemporary times will get benefit more.