OPTIMIZATION OF FLOCCULATION PROCESS BY MICROBIAL COAGULANT IN RIVER WATER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.740Abstract
The existing process of coagulation and flocculation are using chemicals that known as cationic coagulant such as alum, ferric sulfate, calcium oxide, and organic polymers. Thus, this study concentrates on optimizing of flocculation process by microbial coagulant in river water. Turbidity and suspended solids are the main constraints of river water quality in Malaysia. Hence, a study is proposed to produce microbial coagulants isolated locally for river water treatment. The chosen microbe used as the bioflocculant producer is Aspergillus niger. The parameters to optimization in the flocculation process were pH, bioflocculant dosage and effluent concentration. The research was done in the jar test process and the process parameters for maximum turbidity removal was validated. The highest flocculating activity was obtained on day seven of cultivation in the supernatant. The optimum pH and bioflocculant dosage for an optimize sedimentation process were between 4-5 and 2-3 mL for 0.3 g/L of effluent concentration respectively. The model was validated by using a river water sample from Sg. Pusu and the result showed that the model was acceptable to evaluate the bioflocculation process.Downloads
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References
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Kurane, R., & Matsuyama, H. (1994).Production of a Bioflocculant by Mixed Culture. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 58(9), 1589-1594.
Gao, Q., Zhu, X., Mu, J., Zhang, Y., & Dong, X. (2009). Using Ruditapesphilippinarum conglutination mud to produce bioflocculant and its applications in wastewater treatment. Bioresource Technology, 100(21), 4996-5001.
Lin, J., &Zeng, J. (2009). A Study on the Treatment of Wastewater from Reproduced Papermaking Using Microbial Flocculants by Mycelia Pellet. University Ji’an, China.: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jinggangshan
Adebami, G., & Adebayo-Tayo, B. C. (2013). Comparative effect of medium composition on bioflocculant production by microorganisms isolated from wastewater samples. Report and Opinion, 5(2), 46-53.
Li, W., Zhou, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., & Zhu, X. (2008).Flocculation behavior and mechanism of an exopolysaccharide from the deep-sea psychrophilic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913.Bioresource Technology, 99(15), 6893-6899.
Manivasagan, Panchanathan et al. "Production of Polysaccharide-Based Bioflocculant for The Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles By Streptomyces Sp". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 77 (2015): 159-167.
Panpae, K., Jaturonrusmee, W., Mingvanish, W., Nuntiwattanawong, C., Chunwiset, S., Santudrob, K., & Triphanpitak, S. (2008). Minimization of sucrose losses in sugar industry by pH and temperature optimization. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 12(3), 513-519.
Zainudin, Z. (2010). Benchmarking river water quality in Malaysia. Jurutera, 12-15.
Nwodo, U., Green, E., Mabinya, L., Okaiyeto, K., Rumbold, K., Obi, L., &Okoh, A. (2014).Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media optimization via surface response model. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 116, 257-264.
Okaiyeto, K., Nwodo, U. U., Mabinya, L. V., & Okoh, A. I. (2013). Characterization of a Bioflocculant Produced by a Consortium of Halomonas sp. Okoh and Micrococcus sp. Leo. International journal of environmental research and public health, 10(10), 5097-5110.
Zulkeflee, Z., Aris, A., Shamsuddin, Z., & Yusoff, M. (2012). Cation Dependence, pH Tolerance, and Dosage Requirement of a Bioflocculant Produced by Bacillus spp. UPMB13: Flocculation Performance Optimization through Kaolin Assays. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1-7.
Salleh, M., &Zainudin, Z. (2011). ). Portable Water Quality Characteristics.Williamson, K. (2000). Civil Engineering Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering Press.
Awaleh, M. O., & Soubaneh, Y. D. (2014). Waste water treatment in chemical industries: the concept and current technologies. Hydrology: Current Research, 2014.
Ramavandi, B. (2014). Treatment of water turbidity and bacteria by using a coagulant extracted from Plantagoovata. Water Resources and Industry, 6, 36-50.
Tang, J., Qi, S., Li, Z., an, Q., Xie, M., Yang, B., & Wang, Y. (2014). Production, purification and application of polysaccharide-based bioflocculant by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. Carbohydrate Polymers, 113, 463-470.
Lin, Jun-yue and Jian-zhong Zeng. "A Study On The Treatment Of Wastewater From Reproduced Papermaking Using Microbial Flocculants By Mycelia Pellet". 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (2010)
Aljuboori, A., Idris, A., Abdullah, N., &Mohamad, R. (2013).Production and characterization of a bioflocculant produced by Aspergillus flavus. Bioresource Technology, 127, 489-493.
Linsley, R. K, J. B Franzini, and D. L Freyberg. Water-Resources Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992
Shih, I., Van, Y., Yeh, L., Lin, H., & Chang, Y. (2001).Production of a biopolymer flocculant from Bacillus licheniformis and its flocculation properties. Bioresource Technology, 78(3), 267-272.
Deng, S., Yu, G., & Ting, Y. (2005).Production of a bioflocculant by Aspergillusparasiticus and its application in dye removal. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 44(4), 179-186.
Kurane, R., & Matsuyama, H. (1994).Production of a Bioflocculant by Mixed Culture. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 58(9), 1589-1594.
Gao, Q., Zhu, X., Mu, J., Zhang, Y., & Dong, X. (2009). Using Ruditapesphilippinarum conglutination mud to produce bioflocculant and its applications in wastewater treatment. Bioresource Technology, 100(21), 4996-5001.
Lin, J., &Zeng, J. (2009). A Study on the Treatment of Wastewater from Reproduced Papermaking Using Microbial Flocculants by Mycelia Pellet. University Ji’an, China.: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jinggangshan
Adebami, G., & Adebayo-Tayo, B. C. (2013). Comparative effect of medium composition on bioflocculant production by microorganisms isolated from wastewater samples. Report and Opinion, 5(2), 46-53.
Li, W., Zhou, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., & Zhu, X. (2008).Flocculation behavior and mechanism of an exopolysaccharide from the deep-sea psychrophilic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913.Bioresource Technology, 99(15), 6893-6899.
Manivasagan, Panchanathan et al. "Production of Polysaccharide-Based Bioflocculant for The Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles By Streptomyces Sp". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 77 (2015): 159-167.
Panpae, K., Jaturonrusmee, W., Mingvanish, W., Nuntiwattanawong, C., Chunwiset, S., Santudrob, K., & Triphanpitak, S. (2008). Minimization of sucrose losses in sugar industry by pH and temperature optimization. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 12(3), 513-519.
Zainudin, Z. (2010). Benchmarking river water quality in Malaysia. Jurutera, 12-15.
Nwodo, U., Green, E., Mabinya, L., Okaiyeto, K., Rumbold, K., Obi, L., &Okoh, A. (2014).Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media optimization via surface response model. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 116, 257-264.
Okaiyeto, K., Nwodo, U. U., Mabinya, L. V., & Okoh, A. I. (2013). Characterization of a Bioflocculant Produced by a Consortium of Halomonas sp. Okoh and Micrococcus sp. Leo. International journal of environmental research and public health, 10(10), 5097-5110.
Zulkeflee, Z., Aris, A., Shamsuddin, Z., & Yusoff, M. (2012). Cation Dependence, pH Tolerance, and Dosage Requirement of a Bioflocculant Produced by Bacillus spp. UPMB13: Flocculation Performance Optimization through Kaolin Assays. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1-7.
