CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY CALCULATION WITH HEAT TRANSFER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.695Abstract
In this paper we present a case study of apparent performance variation ofan optimized centrifugal compressor design when its metal parts are cold - before the conjugated heat transfer between the fluid and parts reaches an energetic equilibrium. The methods used are numerical, using full viscous 3D computational fluid dynamics with heat transfer. Three cases were considered, an adiabatic wall baseline, an all-blade cooling at 293 K and a more realistic stator row cooling at 293 K. Results indicate an apparent yet erroneous isentropic efficiency reading increase beyond 100% - which was to be expected due to the fluid cooling. However the isentropic and polytropic efficiencies could be estimated and were used to more accurately assess the performance of the compressor. Power consumption decreased to approximately 97% of the original load while the pressure ratio was marginally increased. This alone does not, however, explain the non-physical efficiency readings, which are mainly due to the assumptions
and manner under which the efficiency itself is calculated. The paper presents a more robust approach to measuring efficiency, regardless of the heat transfer within the turbomachinery itself. Possible applications of the study may range from cold-start regime simulation to the optimization of inter-cooling setup or even flow angle control without mechanically actuated OGV
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References
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and Optimization of Industrial Centrifugal Compressor Stations Employing Data-Driven
Methods, ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume
3B: Oil and Gas Applications; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems; Supercritical CO 2
Power Cycles; Wind Energy Düsseldorf, Germany, Paper No. GT2014-25089.
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seminar: Taking your turbomachinery design to the next level.
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baseline high pressure compressor stages using tridimensional computational fluid
dynamics. Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research, 6(4):1103-1108.
Dragan V. (2014) Aerodynamic reconfiguration and multicriterial optimization of
centrifugal compressors-a cases study. INCAS Bulletin, 6(4):41-49 .
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of Centrifugal Pumps Using CFD, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms. Engineering
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Menter FR, Langtry RB, Likki SR, Suzen YB, Huang PG, Völker S. (2006) A Correlation
based Transition Model using Local Variables Part 1- Model Formulation. ASME Journal of
Turbomachinery, 128(3):413-422.
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Performance Analysis Method for Centrifugal Compressors, Volume 2D: Turbomachinnery,
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Edition, Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann, ISBN: 0124159540
[26] Casey MV, Robinson CJ. (2011) A Method to Estimate the Performance of a Centrifugal
Compressor Stage Proceedings of ASME Turbo Power for Land, Sea and Air,
[27] Rodgers C. (1991) The Efficiencies of Single-Stage Centrifugal Compressors for Aircraft
Applications, International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition
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[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
Teemu T-S, Röyttä P, Honkatukia J, Backman J. (2010) Predicting off-design range and
performance of refrigeration cycle with two-stage centrifugal compressor and flash
intercooler. International Journal of Refrigeration, 33(6):1152-1160.
Xenos DP, Cicciotti M, Bouaswaig AEF, Thornhill NF, Martinez-Botas R. (2014) Modeling
and Optimization of Industrial Centrifugal Compressor Stations Employing Data-Driven
Methods, ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume
3B: Oil and Gas Applications; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems; Supercritical CO 2
Power Cycles; Wind Energy Düsseldorf, Germany, Paper No. GT2014-25089.
Casey M, Robinson C. (2013) A Method to Estimate the Performance Map of a Centrifugal
Compressor Stage, Journal of Turbomachinery, 135:021034-1.
Dyson's challenges in turbomachinery design (white paper) (2016) Numeca/ConceptsNREC
seminar: Taking your turbomachinery design to the next level.
Gerber TD, Clemons JD. (2014)Centrifugal Compressor Having Cooling System. United
States Patent Application 20140356147 A1.
Dragan V, Malael I, Gherman B. (2016) A comparative analysis between optimized and
baseline high pressure compressor stages using tridimensional computational fluid
dynamics. Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research, 6(4):1103-1108.
Dragan V. (2014) Aerodynamic reconfiguration and multicriterial optimization of
centrifugal compressors-a cases study. INCAS Bulletin, 6(4):41-49 .
Safikhani H, Khalkhali A, Farajpoor M. (2011) Pareto Based Multi-Objective Optimization
of Centrifugal Pumps Using CFD, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms. Engineering
Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 5(1):37-48.
Menter FR, Langtry RB, Likki SR, Suzen YB, Huang PG, Völker S. (2006) A Correlation
based Transition Model using Local Variables Part 1- Model Formulation. ASME Journal of
Turbomachinery, 128(3):413-422.
De Maesschalcka C, Lavagnoli S, Paniagua G, Vinha N. (2014) Aerothermodynamics of
tight rotor tip clearance flows in high-speed unshrouded turbines., Applied Thermal
Engineering, 65(1-2):343-351.
Borm O, Kau H-P. (2012) Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage:
Validation of Two Different CFD Solvers, ASME Turbo Expo Turbine Technical
Conference and Exposition Volume 8: Turbomachinery
Malael I, Dumitrescu H, Dumitrache A. (2011) Methods for Improve the Performance of the
Turbomachines Using the Flow Control, AIP Conf. Proc. 1389, 1515.
Rinaldi E, Raspopov RS, Colonna P, Pecnik R. (2014) Modeling Curvature Effects on
Turbulence Transition for Turbomachinery Flows, Vol 2B: Turbomachinery
** Numeca Fine/Turbo 9.1 User Manual
Sundén B, Brebbi CA. (2014) Heat Transfer XIII: Simulation and Experiments in Heat and
Mass Transfer, WIT Transatction on Engineering Sciences, WIT Press, 83:221.
Bathe KJ (1996) Finite Element Procedures, Prentice Hall, New Jersey 07632.
** ANSYS ICEM CFD Help Manual (2012), ANSYS ICEM CFD 14.5,pp.425
Roache PJ (1997) Quantification of uncertainty in computational fluid dynamics. Annu.
Rev. Fluid. Mech., 29:123-160.
Walsh P, Fletcher P. (2004) Gas Turbine Performance, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN:0-632-
06434-X, pp. 163
Boyce MP. (2012) Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook, Elsevier, ISBN: 987-0-12-383842-
1, pp.162
236IIUM Engineering Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2017
Dragan
[21] Vogt D. (2007) Course MJ2429 EfficienciesTurbomachinery Lecture Notes, KTH
University
[22] Aungier RH. (2000) Centrifugal Compressors: A strategy for Aerodynamic Design and
analysis. ASME Press.
[23] Harley P, Spence S, Filsionger D, Dietrich M, Early J. (2015) Experimental and numerical
benchmarking of an improved mean line modeling method for automotive turbocharger
centrifugal compressors. ASME proceedings Radial Turbomachinery Aerodynamics, GT
2015-42175,
[24] Klausner E, Gampe U. (2014) Evaluation and Enhancement of a One-Dimensional
Performance Analysis Method for Centrifugal Compressors, Volume 2D: Turbomachinnery,
ISBN: 978-0-7918-4563-9
[25] Dixon SL, Hall CA. (2014)Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery – 7th
Edition, Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann, ISBN: 0124159540
[26] Casey MV, Robinson CJ. (2011) A Method to Estimate the Performance of a Centrifugal
Compressor Stage Proceedings of ASME Turbo Power for Land, Sea and Air,
[27] Rodgers C. (1991) The Efficiencies of Single-Stage Centrifugal Compressors for Aircraft
Applications, International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition
