Progressive Collapse Analysis on 2D RC Frames under Impact of Single Interior and Exterior Columns

Tahara Ramadzan Md Kassim; Muhammad Faiz Mohamad Nor; Taksiah A. Majid

doi:10.31436/iiumej.v27i3.4607

Authors

Tahara Ramadzan Md Kassim International Islamic University Malaysia
Muhammad Faiz Mohamad Nor International Islamic University Malaysia
Taksiah A. Majid Universiti Sains Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i3.4607

Keywords:

Progressive Collapse, Column Removal, Alternate Load Path, Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis

Abstract

Structural elements are susceptible to both local and global failures triggered by progressive collapse, making it essential in structural vulnerability assessments. This research investigates and predicts the progressive collapse behavior of two-dimensional (2D) reinforced concrete frames designed for gravity loadings, considering the removal of columns in both interior and exterior locations. Linear static and nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted to investigate and predict the development of alternate load paths (ALPs) and dynamic structural response under column-loss scenarios using SAP2000 software. Three cases are considered: Case 1 (no column removal), Case 2 (removal of one interior column), and Case 3 (removal of one exterior column). Linear static analysis reveals that the General Services Administration (GSA) yields slightly higher, more conservative axial forces than the British Standard (BS). Regardless of where the column was removed, ALP under progressive collapse significantly altered the structural response in Case 2 and Case 3. Nonlinear dynamic analysis revealed that Case 3 exhibited the highest displacement and interstorey drift ratio (IDR), particularly under Ground Motion (GM5). The findings also demonstrate that exterior column removal triggered the highest drift demands, indicating critical structural vulnerability to progressive collapse.

ABSTRAK: Elemen struktur terdedah kepada kegagalan lokal dan kegagalan menyeluruh boleh mencetuskan keruntuhan progresif, menjadikannya satu aspek penting dalam penilaian struktur. Kajian ini menyiasat dan meramalkan tingkah laku keruntuhan progresif bagi kerangka konkrit bertetulang dua dimensi (2D) yang direkabentuk untuk menampung beban graviti sahaja dengan mengambil kira penyingkiran tiang yang berada di dalam dan tiang luaran. Analisis linear statik linear dan analisis tidak linear dinamik dilakukan untuk mengkaji dan meramalkan laluan “Alternate Load Path” (ALP) serta tindak balas dinamik struktur di bawah senario kehilangan tiang tersebut menggunakan perisian SAP2000. Tiga kes telah dipertimbangkan, iaitu Kes 1 (tiada kegagalan tiang), Kes 2 (penyingkiran satu tiang dalaman) dan Kes 3 (penyingkiran satu tiang luaran). Hasil analisis statik linear menunjukkan bahawa General Services Administration (GSA) menghasilkan daya yang sedikit lebih tinggi dan lebih konservatif berbanding British Standard (BS). Tanpa mengira lokasi tiang yang disingkirkan, ALP mengakibatkan keruntuhan progresif telah mengubah tindak balas struktur dengan ketara, khususnya bagi Kes 2 dan Kes 3. Analisis tidak linear dinamik pula menunjukkan bahawa Kes 3 merekodkan anjakan dan ‘interstorey drift ratio’ (IDR) yang paling tinggi, terutamanya apabila dikenakan gempa bumi ‘Ground Motion’ (GM5). Kajian turut menunjukkan bahawa penyingkiran satu tiang luaran menghasilkan IDR yang paling tinggi, sekali gus menunjukkan bahawa keadaan tersebut merupakan senario yang paling kritikal dan menjadikan struktur lebih terdedah kepada keruntuhan progresif.

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