Kansei-Based AHP Framework for Feeding Mechanism Concept Selection in Agroindustrial Coconut Deshelling Machine Design

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i3.4576

Keywords:

coconut deshelling machine, human-oriented, multicriteria, optimum solution

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the world’s biggest producers, with an estimated US$2.05 billion in export value for the coconut industry in 2023. However, mechanized deshelling is limited by the non-uniformity of coconut geometry and intensive operator interaction with sharp rotating parts, which may lead to coconut meat breakage, unstable feeding, fatigue, and safety risks. While human-centered agricultural machinery design and multicriteria equipment selection have received increasing attention, integrating user-oriented Kansei criteria with AHP at the pre-prototype concept-selection stage remains limited. This paper develops a Kansei-based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework to select the most feasible feeding mechanism concept before detailed design and prototyping. The baseline requirements identified for guidance, clamping, positioning, pushing, rotation control, operator protection, and implementation feasibility were developed into three alternative concepts: V-Guided Mechanical Feeding, Box-Guided Mechanical Feeding, and Assisted Controlled Feeding. Nine experts evaluated seven Kansei criteria, namely Performance, Practicality, Functionality, Durability, Usability, Pleasurability, and Efficiency. All the aggregated pairwise-comparison matrices were consistent (CR ? 0.10). Box-Guided Mechanical Feeding performed best (0.411) with the baseline weights, and Assisted Controlled Feeding was close behind (0.401). This result indicates a near-tie rather than an outright win. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis showed that the preferred concept changes when much higher emphasis is placed on functionality or pleasurability. The preferred concept is box-guided for both baseline and performance-oriented conditions.  The framework shows a context-dependent trade-off between mechanical control, implementation practicality, and human-centered requirements, providing a transparent basis for concept selection in small- and medium-scale agro-industrial machinery.

ABSTRAK: Indonesia merupakan antara pengeluar kelapa terbesar di dunia, dengan nilai eksport industri kelapa dianggarkan sebanyak AS$2.05 bilion pada tahun 2023. Walau bagaimanapun, proses pengupasan tempurung secara mekanikal masih terhad disebabkan oleh ketidakseragaman geometri kelapa serta keperluan interaksi intensif antara pengendali dengan komponen tajam yang berputar. Keadaan ini boleh mengakibatkan isi kelapa pecah, proses suapan tidak stabil, keletihan pengendali dan risiko keselamatan. Walaupun reka bentuk jentera pertanian berpusatkan manusia dan pemilihan peralatan berasaskan pelbagai kriteria semakin mendapat perhatian, pengintegrasian kriteria Kansei yang berorientasikan pengguna dengan Proses Hierarki Analitik (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP) pada peringkat pemilihan konsep sebelum pembangunan prototaip masih terhad. Makalah ini membangunkan kerangka AHP berasaskan Kansei bagi memilih konsep mekanisme suapan yang paling sesuai sebelum peringkat reka bentuk terperinci dan pembangunan prototaip. Keperluan asas yang dikenal pasti merangkumi aspek pemanduan, pengapitan, peletakan, penolakan, kawalan putaran, perlindungan pengendali dan kebolehlaksanaan pelaksanaan. Keperluan ini digunakan untuk membangunkan tiga konsep alternatif, iaitu Suapan Mekanikal Berpandu-V, Suapan Mekanikal Berpandu-Kotak dan Suapan Terkawal Berbantu. Sembilan orang pakar menilai tujuh kriteria Kansei, iaitu Prestasi, Kepraktisan, Kefungsian, Ketahanan, Kebolehgunaan, Keseronokan dan Kecekapan. Semua matriks perbandingan berpasangan yang diagregatkan menunjukkan tahap ketekalan yang boleh diterima (CR ? 0.10). Berdasarkan pemberat asas, Suapan Mekanikal Berpandu-Kotak mencatatkan prestasi terbaik (0.411), diikuti rapat oleh Suapan Terkawal Berbantu (0.401). Dapatan ini menunjukkan keputusan yang hampir setara dan bukannya kemenangan mutlak bagi satu konsep. Selain itu, analisis sensitiviti menunjukkan bahawa konsep pilihan berubah apabila penekanan yang jauh lebih tinggi diberikan kepada aspek kefungsian atau keseronokan. Konsep berpandu-kotak kekal sebagai pilihan utama dalam keadaan asas dan keadaan yang berorientasikan prestasi. Kerangka ini menunjukkan pertukaran keutamaan yang bergantung pada konteks antara kawalan mekanikal, kepraktisan pelaksanaan dan keperluan berpusatkan manusia, sekali gus menyediakan asas yang telus bagi pemilihan konsep jentera agroindustri berskala kecil dan sederhana.

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Author Biographies

Hety Handayani Hidayat, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Radi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Mirwan Ushada, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Agroindustrial Technology

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Published

2026-09-11

How to Cite

Hidayat, H. H., Purwantana, B., Radi, & Ushada, M. (2026). Kansei-Based AHP Framework for Feeding Mechanism Concept Selection in Agroindustrial Coconut Deshelling Machine Design. IIUM Engineering Journal, 27(3), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i3.4576

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Section

Materials and Manufacturing Engineering