Pipe-to-Soil Potential State Classification For Equatorial Gas Pipeline ICCP Systems Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Influence Using XGBoost Algorithm

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i3.4355

Keywords:

Corrosion, impressed current cathodic protection, geomagnetic induced current, equatorial pipeline

Abstract

Pipeline corrosion poses critical challenges for the oil and gas industry, resulting in economic losses and safety risks to humans, assets, and the environment. To mitigate corrosion, the Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) system is employed, which typically maintains the pipe-to-soil potential (PSP) within the optimal protected range of -0.85 V to -1.2 V. However, geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) associated with geomagnetic storms can reduce the system's efficiency, causing the pipeline to be either underprotected or overprotected by the ICCP. In equatorial regions, this interference is quite challenging, as the Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) can enhance daily daytime geomagnetic variability and may increase GIC-related interference in susceptible pipelines. This study proposes an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classification model to classify three gas pipeline ICCP protection states, i.e., protected, underprotected, or overprotected, at two equatorial pipeline locations, which is trained using ICCP and GIC data. The proposed model achieves robust classification performance, with accuracies of 94.22% at Location 1 and 86.50% at Location 2, and weighted F1-scores of 0.9432 and 0.8662, respectively. The model also demonstrates strong discrimination, with ROC-AUC values of 0.9922 and 0.9738 across sites.

ABSTRAK: Kakisan paip merupakan cabaran kritikal industri minyak dan gas. Ini mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi serta risiko keselamatan kepada manusia, aset, dan alam sekitar. Bagi mengurangkan kakisan, sistem Perlindungan Katodik Arus Paksa (ICCP) digunakan, lazimnya mengekalkan potensi paip-ke-tanah (PSP) dalam julat perlindungan optimum antara -0.85V hingga -1.2V. Walau bagaimanapun, kecekapan sistem ini dipengaruhi oleh Arus Teraruh Geomagnet (GIC), yang berkait dengan ribut geomagnet dan boleh menyebabkan saluran paip mengalami perlindungan tidak mencukupi atau perlindungan berlebihan oleh ICCP. Di kawasan khatulistiwa, gangguan ini menjadi lebih mencabar kerana Elektrojet Khatulistiwa (EEJ) meningkatkan variasi geomagnet harian pada waktu siang dan berpotensi menambah gangguan berkaitan GIC pada saluran paip yang terdedah. Kajian ini mencadangkan model pengelasan berasaskan Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) bagi klasifikasi tiga status perlindungan ICCP saluran paip gas, iaitu dilindungi, kurang dilindungi, dan terlebih dilindungi, di dua lokasi saluran paip kawasan khatulistiwa menggunakan data ICCP dan GIC. Model yang dicadangkan mencapai prestasi pengelasan tinggi, dengan ketepatan sebanyak 94.22% di Lokasi 1 dan 86.50% di Lokasi 2, serta skor F1 berwajaran masing-masing 0.9432 dan 0.8662. Model ini juga menunjukkan keupayaan diskriminasi kukuh, dengan nilai ROC-AUC sebanyak 0.9922 dan 0.9738 bagi kedua-dua lokasi. Model ini boleh diguna sebagai sistem sokongan keputusan bagi pengendali saluran paip, membolehkan strategi penyelenggaraan proaktif sistem perlindungan katodik di kawasan khatulistiwa.

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Published

2026-09-11

How to Cite

Mohd Sani, M., Mohd Yassin, A. I., Jusoh, M. H., Kasuan, N., Khirul Ashar, N. D., & Hairuddin, M. A. (2026). Pipe-to-Soil Potential State Classification For Equatorial Gas Pipeline ICCP Systems Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Influence Using XGBoost Algorithm. IIUM Engineering Journal, 27(3), 214–229. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i3.4355

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Section

Electrical, Computer and Communications Engineering

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