Optimal Operating Cost for A Grid-connected Microgrid Using Quadratic Interpolation Optimization

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i3.4187

Keywords:

Battery energy storage system, Metaheuristic optimization, Microgrid scheduling, Quadratic Interpolation Optimization, Temporal energy shifting

Abstract

This study applies the Quadratic Interpolation Optimization Method (QIOM) to minimize the operating cost of a grid-connected MG over a 24-hour horizon. This optimization-based scheduling framework actively controls the diesel generator (DG) and battery energy storage system (BESS). In contrast, renewable sources such as solar and wind are treated as fixed inputs. Three operating scenarios are examined to assess the roles of the controllable generator and the BESS. The findings indicate that cost reduction mainly depends on how energy flows are coordinated over time, rather than on the total energy exchanged. The BESS plays a key role by shifting energy from low-load periods to peak-load periods, which improves overall economic performance. QIOM is also compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Heap-Based Optimization (HBO) in terms of solution quality, robustness, and computational performance. The comparative results demonstrate that QIOM achieves lower operating costs and more consistent performance across 20 independent runs. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirms that these improvements are statistically significant. However, this performance gain comes at the cost of increased computational time. Therefore, QIOM is more suitable for offline scheduling applications.

ABSTRAK: Kajian ini menggunakan Kaedah Pengoptimuman Interpolasi Kuadratik (QIOM) bagi meminimum kos operasi MG yang disambung ke grid selama 24 jam. Kajian ini mencadangkan penjadualan optimum di mana penjana diesel (DG) dan sistem storan tenaga bateri (BESS) dikawal secara aktif. Sebaliknya, sumber boleh diperbaharui seperti solar dan angin dianggap sebagai input tetap. Tiga senario operasi diperiksa bagi menilai peranan penjana boleh kawal dan BESS. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa pengurangan kos bergantung pada pelarasan aliran tenaga dari semasa ke semasa, bukan pada jumlah penukaran tenaga. BESS memainkan peranan penting dengan mengalihkan tenaga dari tempoh beban rendah kepada tempoh beban puncak, ini meningkatkan prestasi ekonomi keseluruhan. Perbandingan QIOM dengan Pengoptimuman Kawanan Partikel (PSO), Algoritma Carian Graviti (GSA), Pengoptimum Serigala Kelabu (GWO), dan Pengoptimum Berasas Timbunan (HBO) turut dilakukan dari segi kualiti penyelesaian, kekukuhan dan prestasi pengiraan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa QIOM mencapai kos operasi lebih rendah dengan prestasi konsisten merentasi 20 larian bebas. Ujian pangkat Wilcoxon mengesahkan bahawa penambahbaikan ini adalah signifikan secara statistik. Walau bagaimanapun, peningkatan prestasi ini datang dengan kos lebih tinggi daripada masa pengiraan. Oleh itu, QIOM lebih sesuai untuk aplikasi penjadualan luar talian.

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Published

2026-09-11

How to Cite

Phan, C. T., Thanh Nguyen, T., & Nguyen, T. T. (2026). Optimal Operating Cost for A Grid-connected Microgrid Using Quadratic Interpolation Optimization. IIUM Engineering Journal, 27(3), 131–148. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i3.4187

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Section

Electrical, Computer and Communications Engineering