Scalable Multi-Objective Optimization for Facility Location Using A Metaheuristic Technique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v27i2.4072Keywords:
Facility location, Logistics systems, Multi-objective optimization, Particle swarm optimization, MetaheuristicsAbstract
Rapid growth in e-commerce and service expectations forces large-scale logistics networks to balance facility operating cost, service coverage, and delivery equity simultaneously. This study aims to develop a scalable discrete multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO-FLP) framework for constraint-rich facility location problems, where traditional exact approaches become impractical. The proposed method integrates discrete encoding, feasibility repair, adaptive parameter control, and an archive-based leader selection strategy, and it is evaluated using benchmark instances and a national postal logistics network case. Across 30 independent runs, MOPSO-FLP achieves superior convergence and diversity compared with representative multi-objective metaheuristics (e.g., NSGA-II and related baselines), and the deployment validation yields a Pareto set of 47 non-dominated solutions that clearly exposes cost–coverage–equity trade-offs. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed framework provides decision makers with interpreted alternatives and actionable policies for large-scale logistics planning.
ABSTRAK: Pertumbuhan pesat dalam e-dagang serta peningkatan jangkaan perkhidmatan memaksa rangkaian logistik berskala besar untuk mengimbangi kos operasi fasiliti, liputan perkhidmatan, dan keadilan penghantaran secara serentak. Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan satu kerangka pengoptimuman zarah berbilang objektif diskret yang berskala, iaitu Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization bagi masalah penentuan lokasi fasiliti (MOPSO-FLP), khusus untuk persekitaran berkekangan tinggi di mana pendekatan tepat tradisional menjadi tidak praktikal. Kaedah yang dicadangkan mengintegrasikan pengekodan diskret, mekanisme pembaikan kebolehlaksanaan, kawalan parameter adaptif, serta strategi pemilihan pemimpin berasaskan arkib, dan dinilai menggunakan set data penanda aras serta kajian kes rangkaian logistik pos kebangsaan. Merentasi 30 ulangan bebas, MOPSO-FLP menunjukkan penumpuan dan kepelbagaian penyelesaian yang lebih baik berbanding metaheuristik berbilang objektif sedia ada seperti NSGA-II dan kaedah asas berkaitan. Pengesahan pelaksanaan menghasilkan satu set Pareto yang mengandungi 47 penyelesaian tidak didominasi, yang secara jelas menggambarkan kompromi antara kos, liputan, dan keadilan. Secara keseluruhan, dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kerangka yang dicadangkan mampu menyediakan alternatif yang boleh ditafsir serta dasar yang boleh dilaksanakan oleh pembuat keputusan dalam perancangan logistik berskala besar.
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