LoRa-Driven Algorithms for Accurate Return-to-Home (RTH) Prediction in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v26i3.3652Keywords:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Wireless Communication, Predictive Algorithms, Flight Time, Signal StrengthAbstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are prone to crashes due to user inexperience, technical issues, or adverse weather conditions. Most commercial UAVs have a real-time monitoring feature, where important UAV parameters can be monitored. However, low-cost, non-ready-to-fly UAVs often lack these capabilities, making assessing their condition challenging or taking preventive measures when faults occur. This paper presents a novel return-to-home (RTH) prediction algorithm for UAVs, which is triggered when a fault is detected in the UAV. The key contribution of this study is the innovative application of LoRa data in the design of the prediction algorithm, which sets it apart from existing reviews and research that have not explored this approach. The data from the LoRa wireless communication network will be utilized in this algorithm, which consists of three critical parameters: the speed of the UAV (V), the flight range (R), and the battery level (T). Specifically, the algorithm utilizes LoRa’s received signal strength indicator (RSSI) data to estimate the flight range and is designed for use within a 1 km flight radius. It provides actionable recommendations to UAV pilots to return the UAV to its home position or to land immediately, which can be accessed through a mobile application. This approach enhances safety by reducing the risk of UAV crashes and ensuring timely interventions.
ABSTRAK: Kenderaan udara tanpa pemandu (UAV) terdedah kepada kemalangan kerana faktor seperti pengguna kurang berpengalaman, isu teknikal atau keadaan cuaca buruk. Kebanyakan UAV komersial yang terdapat di pasaran didatangi dengan ciri pemantauan masa sebenar, di mana parameter penting UAV boleh dipantau. Walau bagaimanapun, UAV berkos rendah dan tidak sedia terbang sering kekurangan keupayaan ini, menjadikannya mencabar dalam menilai keadaan atau mengambil langkah pencegahan apabila berlaku kerosakan. Kajian ini mengkaji algoritma baharu ramalan pulang ke pangkalan (RTH) untuk UAV, tercetus apabila kerosakan dikesan dalam UAV. Sumbangan utama kajian ini adalah aplikasi inovatif data LoRa dalam reka bentuk algoritma ramalan, membezakannya daripada kajian terdahulu yang belum menggunakan LoRa dalam konteks ini. Data dari rangkaian komunikasi tanpa wayar LoRa digunakan dalam algoritma ini, iaitu terdiri daripada tiga parameter penting: kelajuan UAV (V), penerbangan (R), dan paras bateri (T). Secara khusus, algoritma menggunakan data penunjuk kekuatan isyarat (RSSI) yang diterima LoRa bagi menganggarkan julat penerbangan dan direka bentuk bagi kegunaan radius penerbangan 1 km. Kajian ini memberi cadangan tindakan yang boleh diambil oleh juruterbang UAV, sama ada bagi mengembalikan UAV ke kedudukan asal atau mendarat serta-merta, yang boleh diakses melalui aplikasi mudah alih. Pendekatan ini meningkatkan keselamatan dengan mengurangkan risiko kemalangan UAV dan memastikan campur tangan pengguna tepat pada masanya.
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