A COMPARATIVE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF REGULAR AND TOPOLOGICALLY OPTIMISED DENTAL IMPLANTS FOR MECHANICAL AND FATIGUE RESPONSES EVALUATION

Muhammad Ikman Ishak; Ruslizam Daud; Bakri Bakar; Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor

doi:10.31436/iiumej.v24i2.2695

Authors

Muhammad Ikman Ishak Universiti Malaysia Perlis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-6599
Ruslizam Daud Universiti Malaysia Perlis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-5183
Bakri Bakar Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor Universiti Sains Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-265X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v24i2.2695

Keywords:

Deformation, Dental implant, Fatigue, Finite element analysis, Topology optimisation

Abstract

Topology optimisation is a prominent method to improve the performance of any systems by optimising geometrical factors to save materials without compromising the system functionality. Currently, there is limited published data discussing the topologically optimised dental implants that makes the matter still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical and fatigue behaviours of regular and topologically optimised dental implant designs using 3-D FEA. Geometrical models were developed in accordance with ISO 14801 using SolidWorks 2020 before being analysed in ANSYS 18.1. The new implant design was created by topology optimisation analysis. The material properties of all parts were assumed to be isotropic, linearly elastic, and homogenous. Nine different compressive load values ranging from 100 to 500 N were applied on the loading structure as separated cases. The vertical and bottom surfaces of the holder were fully constrained. The results showed that the topologically optimised implant recorded about 12.3% lower implant stress than the regular implant. Both implant designs revealed a comparable displacement result with a percentage difference of only 2.3%. The optimised design was also found to produce longer fatigue life and approximately 12.3% higher safety factor compared to the regular design. The increase in the compressive load value has increased the stress and deformation, whilst decreased the fatigue life and safety factor in both designs. Although it was estimated that the volume of the new implant could be reduced to about 24% of the traditional one, the implant functionality may still be retained or even be improved.

ABSTRAK: Pengoptimuman topologi adalah kaedah utama bagi meningkatkan prestasi mana-mana sistem dengan mengoptimumkan faktor geometri bagi menjimatkan bahan tanpa menjejaskan fungsi utama sistem. Dewasa ini, terdapat kurang data diterbitkan berbincang mengenai implan gigi yang dioptimumkan secara topologi yang menjadikan perkara ini masih tidak jelas. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi menilai perlakuan mekanikal dan kelesuan bagi reka bentuk implant gigi biasa dan yang dioptimumkan secara topologi menggunakan 3-D FEA. Model geometri telah dibangunkan mengikut ISO 14801 menggunakan SolidWorks 2020 sebelum dianalisis dalam ANSYS 18.1. Reka bentuk implan baharu telah dibuat melalui analisis pengoptimuman topologi. Sifat pada semua bahagian bahan diandaikan sebagai isotropik, keanjalan linear, dan homogen. Sembilan nilai beban mampatan berbeza antara 100 hingga 500 N telah dikenakan pada struktur pembebanan sebagai kes berasingan. Permukaan menegak dan bawah pemegang dikekang sepenuhnya. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa implan yang dioptimumkan secara topologi merekodkan tegasan implan 12.3% lebih rendah daripada implan biasa. Kedua-dua reka bentuk implan menunjukkan hasil anjakan yang setanding dengan perbezaan peratusan hanyalah 2.3%. Reka bentuk yang dioptimumkan juga didapati menghasilkan hayat kelesuan yang lebih lama dan kira-kira 12.3% faktor keselamatan yang lebih tinggi berbanding reka bentuk biasa. Peningkatan dalam nilai beban mampatan telah meningkatkan tegasan dan perubahan bentuk, sementara mengurangkan hayat kelesuan dan faktor keselamatan dalam kedua-dua reka bentuk. Walaupun dianggarkan bahawa isipadu implan baru boleh dikurangkan kira-kira 24% daripada implan tradisional, fungsi implan masih boleh dikekalkan atau dipertingkatkan.

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