CONSOLIDATION INTEGRATED BUOYANCY EQUATION FOR SOFT GROUND IMPROVED WITH LIGHTWEIGHT POLYURETHANE FOAM

Diana Che Lat; Ismacahyadi Bagus Mohamed Jais; Nazri Ali; Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus; Nor Hibatul Wafi Nor Zarin; Atiqah Najwa Zainuddin

doi:10.31436/iiumej.v23i1.1781

Authors

Diana Che Lat Universiti Teknologi MARA Pasir Gudang Johor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3351-0133
Ismacahyadi Bagus Mohamed Jais Universiti Teknologi MARA
Nazri Ali Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Nor Hibatul Wafi Nor Zarin Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Atiqah Najwa Zainuddin Universiti Teknologi MARA Pasir Gudang Johor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-478X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i1.1781

Keywords:

Soft ground, Consolidation settlement, Buoyancy, Polyurethane, Lightweight

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Consolidation settlement occurs when a saturated soil is subjected to an increase in overburden pressure that causes a volume change in the soil. When a lightweight material is used as a ground improvement, the stress is reduced as the soft soil is partially removed and replaced by the lightweight material. In addition, the improved ground with lightweight material has a potential to uplift due to the buoyancy of lightweight material. The uplift force reduces the stress imposed on the underlying soil as it acts in the upward direction, thus further reducing the consolidation settlement. This study is executed to produce an alternative equation for consolidation settlement incorporating the buoyancy effect for lightweight polyurethane (PU) foam as a ground improvement method. A Rowe Cell consolidation laboratory test was conducted on untreated marine clay soil as well as on improved marine clay with different thicknesses of lightweight PU foam. Validation of the laboratory test results was done by finite element analysis, PLAXIS 2D. The thickness of PU foam governs the buoyancy and the hydrostatic pressure of water displaced by PU foam, which is incorporated in the alternative equation. The alternative consolidation settlement equation is applicable for ground improved with lightweight polyurethane foam and found to be more economical and practical as the buoyancy is taken into account in the equation.

ABSTRAK: Mendapan pengukuhan berlaku apabila tanah tepu mengalami peningkatan tekanan beban yang menyebabkan perubahan isipadu tanah. Apabila bahan ringan digunakan sebagai penambahbaikan tanah, tekanan akan berkurang kerana sebahagian tanah lembut dikeluarkan dan diganti dengan bahan ringan. Selain itu, tanah yang diperbaiki dengan bahan ringan berpotensi untuk terangkat ke atas keranan daya apung bahan ringan. Daya angkat bahan ringan mengurangkan tekanan yang dikenakan ke atas tanah kerana daya bertindak ke arah atas, dan seterusnya megurangkan mendapan pengukuhan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menghasilkan persamaan alternatif bagi mendapan pengukuhan dan digabungkan dengan kesan daya apung untuk busa poliuretena ringan (PU) sebagai kaedah penambahbaikan tanah. Ujian makmal mendapan pengukuhan menggunakan peralatan Rowe Cell dilakukan pada tanah liat marin yang asal serta yang diperbaiki dengan ketebalan busa PU ringan yang berbeza. Pengesahan hasil ujian makmal dilakukan dengan analisis elemen terhingga, PLAXIS 2D. Ketebalan busa PU mempengaruhi daya apung dan tekanan hidrostatik bagi kedalaman air yang disesarkan oleh busa PU dan digabungkan dalam persamaan alternatif. Persamaan alternatif mendapan pengukuhan tersebut boleh digunapakai untuk pembaikan tanah menggunakan bahan ringan busa poliuretena dan didapati menjimatkan kos dan praktikal kerana keapungan diambilkira didalam persamaan tersebut.

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