Dynamic Mechanical And Water Absorption Properties Of Microcrystalline Cellulose Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: The Effect Of Unconventional Irradiation Route

Authors

  • Samat N Department of Manufacturing & Materials, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2922-7498
  • Lazim NH Department of Manufacturing & Materials, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6399-4159
  • Zahurin Halim Department of Manufacturing & Materials, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v20i2.1066

Keywords:

polypropylene, cellulose, compatibilizer, electron beam irradiation, mechanical properties

Abstract

The unconventional electron beam (EB) irradiation route in preparing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fiber reinforced recycled polypropylene (rPP) composites was studied. In this route, the rPP was first subjected to EB irradiation at various doses (10-50kGy) and was then used as a compatibilizer. Unirradiated and irradiated rPPs were blended at two different ratios (90:10; 50:50) and added with MCC at contents of 5, 20 and 40wt%. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and water absorption tests were carried out. The DMA spectra exhibited high stiffness and damping behaviour. As the content of MCC increased, the water resistance of composites dropped slightly as compared to the controlled rPP. However, some compositions (50:50/40MCC-10kGy and 50:50/5MCC-50kGy) had shown opposite results. The improvement in the studied properties proved the existence of the compatibility effect that occurred at low irradiation doses, and also depended on the ratio (unirradiated and irradiated rPP) and MCC contents.

ABSTRAK: Kaedah sinaran gelombang elektron secara bukan konvensional dalam penyediaan komposit polipropilena kitar semula (rPP) bersama serat selulosa mikrohablur (MCC) telah dikaji. Dalam kaedah ini, rPP telah didedahkan kepada sinaran gelombang elektron dengan dos yang berbeza (10-50kGy) dan kemudiannya digunakan sebagai penserasi.  rPP tidak tersinar dan tersinar telah dicampur dengan nisbah  (90:10; 50:50) dan ditambah dengan MCC pada kandungan 5, 20 and 40wt%. Analisis dinamik mekanikal (DMA) dan ujian penyerapan air telah dijalankan. Spektrum DMA menunjukkan sifat kekakuan dan pengenduran yang tinggi. Apabila kandungan MCC bertambah, kerintangan komposit terhadap air berkurang sedikit berbanding rPP terkawal. Bagaimanapun sebahagian komposisi (50:50/40MCC-10kGy and 50:50/5MCC-50kGy) telah menunjukkan keputusan sebaliknya. Penambahbaikan sifat bahan dalam kajian ini membuktikan kewujudan kesan keserasian yang berlaku pada dos sinaran rendah, dan juga bergantung kepada nisbah (rPP tidak tersinar dan tersinar) dan kandungan MCC.                

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Miranda LF, Pereira NC, Faldini SB, Masson TJ, Silva LGA, Silveira LH. (2009) Effect of ionizing radiation on polypropylene composites reinforced with coconut fibers. In Proceedings of the International Nuclear Atlantic Conference:27 September – 2 October 2009; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; pp 1-9

Lazim NH, Samat N. (2019) The influence of irradiated recycled polypropylene compatibilizer on the impact fracture behavior of recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites. Polymer Composites, 40(S1): E24-E34.

Lazim NH, Samat N. (2017) Effects of irradiated recycled polypropylene compatibilizer on the mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose reinforced recycled polypropylene composites. Procedia Engineering, 184:538–543.

Samat N, Lazim NH, Motsidi SNR, Azlina HN. (2017) Performance properties of irradiated recycled polypropylene as a compatibilizer in recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites. Materials Science Forum, 894:62-65.

Samat N, Motsidi SNR, Lazim NH. (2018) Effects of electron beam radiation dose on the compatibilization behaviour in recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites, IOP Conference Series: Mater. Sci. Eng.,290: 012034.

Moldovan A, Patachia S, Vasile C, Darie R, Manaila E, Tierean M. (2013) Natural fibres/polyolefins composites (I) UV and electron beam irradiation. J. of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 7(1):58-79.

Rimdusit S, Wongsongyot S, Jittarom S, Suwanmala P, Tiptipakorn S. (2011) Effects of gamma irradiation with and without compatibilizer on the mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour composites. J. of Polymer Research, 18(4):801-809.

Cleland M, Parks L, Cheng, S. (2003) Applications for radiation processing of materials. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 208:66-73.

Tamada, M. (2018) Radiation processing of polymers and its applications. In Radiation Applications, Volume 7. Edited by Kudo H. Singapore, Springer; pp 63-80.

Cai X, Blanchet P. (2015) Electron-beam curing of acrylate/nanoparticle impregnated wood products. BioResources, 10(3): 3852-3864.

Porto KMB, Napolitano CM, Borrely SI. (2018) Gamma radiation effects in packaging for sterilization of health products and their constituents paper and plastic film. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 142:23-28.

Kim SW, Park K, Lee SH, Kang JS, Kang KH. (2007) Dependence of mechanical and thermal properties of thermoplastic composites on electron beam irradiation. Int. J. Thermophysics, 28:1067-1073.

Moldovan A, Patachia S, Vasile C, Darie R, Manaila E, Tierean, M. (2013) Natural fibres/polyolefins composites (I) UV and electron beam irradiation. J. of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 7(1): 58-79.

Yan J, Kim B, Jeong YG. (2015) Thermomechanical and electrical properties of PDMS/MWCNT composite films crosslinked by electron beam irradiation. J. of Materials Science, 50(16):5599-5608.

Karsli GN, Aytac A, Akbulut M, Deniz V, Güven O. (2013) Effects of irradiated polypropylene compatibilizer on the properties of short carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 84:74-78.

Gomes MG, Ferreira MS, Oliveira RR, Silva VA, Teixeira JG, Moura EA. (2013) Influence of electron beam irradiation on pp/piassava fiber composite prepared by melt extrusion process. In Proceedings of the International Nuclear Atlantic Conference: 24-29 Novevember 2013; Recife, PE, Brazil;pp 1-10.

Awanis J, Anis Sofia S, Samat N. (2012) Effect of coupling agent on mechanical properties of composite from microcrystalline cellulose and recycled polypropylene. Advanced Materials Research, 576:390-393.

Samat N, Marini CD, Maritho MA, Sabaruddin FA. (2013) Tensile and impact properties of polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose treated with different coupling agents. Composite Interfaces, 20(7): 497-506.

Zulkifli N, Samat N, Anuar H, Zainuddin N. (2015) Mechanical properties and failure modes of recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites. Materials & Design, 69:114-123.

Banik I, Bhowmick AK. (2000) Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of crosslinked rubbers. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 58(3):293-298.

Pang Y, Cho D, Han SO, Park WH. (2005) Interfacial shear strength and thermal properties of electron beam-treated henequen fibers reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Macromolecular Research, 13(5):453-459.

Wongsuban B, Muhammad K, Ghazali Z, Hashim K, Ali Hassan M. (2003) The effect of electron beam irradiation on preparation of sago starch/polyvinyl alcohol foams. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 211(2):244-250.

Essabir H, Achaby ME, Hilali EM, Bouhfid R, Qaissbou A. (2015) Morphological, structural, thermal and tensile properties of high density polyethylene composites reinforced with treated argan nut shell particles. J. of Bionic Engineering, 12:129-141.

Md. Salleh F, Hassan A, Yahya R, Azzahari AD. (2014) Effects of extrusion temperature on the rheological, dynamic mechanical and tensile properties of kenaf fiber/HDPE composites. Composites: Part B, 58; 259-266.

Samat N, Burford R, Whittle A, Hoffman M. (2010) The effects of water and frequency on fatigue crack growth rate in modified and unmodified polyvinyl chloride. Polymer Engineering & Science, 50(2):352-364.

Samat N, Mokhtar WNA, Zulkifli NI. (2014) Properties of eco-friendly composite from recycled polypropylene. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(8):2760-2766.

Pérez‐Fonseca AA, Arrelano M, Rodrigue D, González‐Núñez R, Robledo-Ortiz J. (2016) Effect of coupling agent content and water absorption on the mechanical properties of coiragava fibers reinforced polyethylene hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 37(10): 3015-3024.

Downloads

Published

2019-12-02

How to Cite

Samat, N., Mohd Lazim, N. H., & Halim, Z. . (2019). Dynamic Mechanical And Water Absorption Properties Of Microcrystalline Cellulose Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: The Effect Of Unconventional Irradiation Route. IIUM Engineering Journal, 20(2), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v20i2.1066

Issue

Section

Materials and Manufacturing Engineering