نشأة العلاقات الدولية وأسسها في الإسلام
(The Origins and Foundations of International Relations in Islam)
Abstract
This research aims to examine the origins of international relations in Islam and their intellectual and legal foundations, employing the descriptive-analytical method. The research comprises three sections: the first addresses the meaning and legitimacy of international relations; the second traces their emergence and development from the Prophetic era to the present; and the third explores their foundational principles: human unity, justice, cooperation, tolerance, mutual respect, ethics, divine sovereignty (Al-Hakimiyyah), constants and variables, adherence to treaties, enjoining good and forbidding evil, and achieving the public interest of the Ummah. The study highlights that the foundational principle of international relations in Islam is peace, while war is an exception governed by legal and ethical constraints. It further reveals that Islamic jurisprudence preceded contemporary international law in establishing humanitarian principles, and that international treaties are subject to legal (Shar‘i) regulations grounded in the fulfillment of covenants and the realization of public interest. It also demonstrates that the principle of fulfilling covenants constitutes a governing rule, and that legitimately considered public interest (maslahah mu‘tabarah) serves as a crucial foundation for international policies. The study recommends strengthening comparative jurisprudential studies, integrating the jurisprudence of international relations into academic curricula, and rectifying misconceptions regarding the jurisprudence of jihad.
Keywords: International Relations in Islam, Peace, Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Islamic Political Theory (Siyasah Shar‘iyyah), International Treaties, Justice, Fulfillment of Covenants.
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References
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