القضاء المستعجل بين الفقه والقانون وتطبيقاته في المحاكم الشرعية
Summary Jurisdiction Between Islamic Jurisprudence and Civil Law: Applications in Sharia Courts
Abstract
This study addresses the subject of summary (urgent) jurisdiction in the Palestinian Sharia courts and highlights its vital role in ensuring swift justice and protecting urgent rights—those which, if delayed, may result in irreparable harm or damages that cannot be rectified later. The importance of this research lies in the growing need for a judicial system characterized by both speed and efficiency in handling urgent disputes, particularly in matters involving fundamental individual rights such as alimony, child custody, estate preservation, travel bans, and similar situations requiring immediate judicial intervention to prevent harm from escalating. The study aims to explore the concept of summary adjudication, its origins and development, legal and Sharīʿah legitimacy, defining features, importance, benefits, advantages and disadvantages, as well as its points of similarity and distinction from regular judicial proceedings. It further examines its conditions, both Sharīʿah and legal classification (takyīf), methods of appeal and procedural defenses related to urgent claims. Additionally, the research investigates judicial precedents and case studies involving summary adjudication and evaluates its efficiency compared to conventional legal procedures. It assesses the role of this judicial tool in expediting access to justice and reinforcing family and societal stability, especially in light of current legal challenges. The researchers concluded with significant findings, most notably that summary adjudication is a swift legal mechanism designed to safeguard rights through provisional decisions that do not affect the substance of the case. This type of adjudication is recognized under Islamic law (Sharīʿah), which calls for the prompt resolution of disputes to avoid harm. The resulting provisional rulings are immediately enforceable and not subject to appeal. They often include precautionary measures such as freezing estates, issuing travel bans, or restricting financial transactions to preserve rights. Ultimately, the study affirms that summary adjudication plays an effective role in protecting the rights of the parties and enhances societal stability by resolving time-sensitive disputes swiftly and efficiently.
Keywords: Summary jurisdiction, shari’a judiciary, legitimacy, procedures, legal effects.
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References
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