Effect of phenotypic switching on the susceptibility of Candida krusei towards amphotericin B, nystatin and Piper betle aqueous extract

Mohd Hafiz  Arzmi; Fathilah Abdul  Razak; Wan Himratul Aznita Wan Harun; Wan Nur Fatihah Wan Mohd Kamaluddin; Nurul Alia Risma  Rismayuddin

doi:10.31436/ijohs.v1i2.27

Authors

Mohd Hafiz Arzmi Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Fathilah Abdul Razak Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Wan Himratul Aznita Wan Harun Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Wan Nur Fatihah Wan Mohd Kamaluddin Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Nurul Alia Risma Rismayuddin Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/ijohs.v1i2.27

Keywords:

phenotypic switching, disk diffusion test, microdilution assay, metabolic activity

Abstract

Candida krusei (C. krusei) is associated with oral candidiasis, particularly in immunecompromised patients. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of phenotypic switching to the susceptibility of C. krusei towards amphotericin B, nystatin and aqueous extract of Piper betle (P. betle). To induce phenotypic switching, C. krusei was inoculated in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) broth supplemented with 5 mg mL^-1phloxine B and
incubated for five hours at 25 °C. Later, 100 µL of the suspension was inoculated on YEPD agar supplemented with 5 mg mL-1 phloxine B and incubated for five days at 25 °C. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were conducted to determine the susceptibility of C. krusei. The results showed that all C. krusei switched generations were susceptible towards amphotericin B and nystatin with the 3^rdand 4^thgenerations significantly more susceptible than the un-switched, respectively (P<0.05). All C. krusei switched generations were also observed to be susceptible towards the aqueous extract of P. betle. The MIC of amphotericin B, nystatin and P. betle were determined at 10 µg mL^-1^, 10 µg mL^-1and 12.5 mg mL^-1, respectively for all generations of C. krusei. In conclusion, the susceptibility of C. krusei was phenotypically switched generation dependent towards amphotericin B, nystatin, and Piper betle aqueous extract.

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