IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences

Fabrication of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) post and core using indirect digitalisation technique

2022-04-12T08:56:07+08:00

The advancement of digital technology in dentistry signifies an opportunity for the clinician to explore novel techniques in fabricating post and core. Conventional custom-made post and core is constructed in the laboratory with very limited material either gold, nickel-chromium or cobalt-chromium. Apart from higher modulus elasticity compared to dentin, the colour of the conventional custom-made post and core was also unaesthetic making it inferior to be used with all ceramic crown. This article describes post and core fabrication technique using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology with acrylic resin pattern build-up and indirect digitalisation method. The same procedure for custom-made metal post and core was adopted in this case to capture the anatomical shape of the root canal before digital technology was incorporated in the fabrication of post and core manufacture using CAD/CAM. With the CAD/CAM approach, an increased in quality, productivity, workflow efficiency and consistency of prosthetic rehabilitation may be obtained. It also enables clinicians to fabricate post and core using tooth colour material with better physical properties and improved mechanical qualities to achieve the best result in restoring endodontically treated teeth.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients taking Atorvastatin: Case series

2021-03-27T08:47:39+08:00

Osteonecrosis of the jawbones commonly seen in patients taking bisphosphonates, denosumab, and several antiangiogenic medications with several oral factors such as tooth extraction or dental infection. Currently, patients taking Simvastatin, a medication commonly used to treat hypercholesteremia, were reported of developing osteonecrosis of the jaw. Thus, it is important that clinicians know about the risk of osteonecrosis for patients taking this hypercholesteremia medication. It is not known if the undesirable effect only occurs with Simvastatin or other types of statin medication. We report in detail three cases of osteonecrosis of patients taking Atorvastatin calcium, a second-generation statin medication.

Restoration of posterior tooth with single shade composite: A case series

2022-05-24T15:32:58+08:00

Composite restoration is a popular material to restore tooth structure due to dental caries as there is an increasing demand for aesthetic restoration. With the advancing technologies, it has excellent physical characteristics which increases its longevity. However, the appropriate case selection also influences the outcome as composite is technique sensitive. This material can be offered to patient seeking less time-consuming procedure, better preservation of tooth structure, affordable but acceptable aesthetic outcome. These three cases presented shows the possibility of creating a good aesthetic result in posterior tooth restoration with the use of single shade composite.

Aesthetic rehabilitation of upper central incisors using combined direct and indirect technique: A Case report

2022-05-24T12:45:43+08:00

Improving dental appearances generally leads to an increase in confidence, social interactions and ultimately quality of life. This case aimed to perform aesthetic rehabilitation on the upper central incisors. The patient was a 25-year-old female who was concerned with the gap in her front teeth and discolouration of her crown. The treatment started with shade matching and preliminary measurements prior to cementation of temporary crown. Later, an all ceramic e.max Lithium Disilicate crown was cemented on tooth 11 followed by direct composite restoration on tooth 21 for diastema closure. In conclusion, both the indirect and direct restorative technique when applied appropriately proved to be effective and satisfactory to the patient.

Medical emergencies response plan: Is your dental clinic ready?

2022-04-27T16:46:52+08:00

Dentists should provide a safe environment for all patients and this also includes preparing for the occurrence of medical emergencies in dental setting. Managing medical emergencies must be considered in the initial set up of a dental clinic. Some emergencies are indeed unavoidable hence all dental clinic members must be prepared and well trained to manage medical emergencies. Among the steps that should be taken in preparing dental clinic for medical emergencies are development of emergency plan, evaluation of patients’ risk, monitoring of vital signs, training of staff and availability of emergency drugs and equipment.

Orthodontic pain – the state of the evidence

2022-05-16T22:54:33+08:00

Pain is a common side effect of orthodontic treatment. An understanding of its mechanism, implications and subsequent management is essential for any orthodontist to improve patient compliance and satisfaction with treatment. This paper provides a comprehensive review and state of the evidence on orthodontic pain from the viewpoint of clinicians and patients – clinical features, its pathways, factors influencing pain perception, and finally the pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of orthodontic pain.

Multidisciplinary management of obstructive sleep apnea: Challenges and current perspective

2022-07-24T23:57:01+08:00

Assessment of satisfaction in patients with existing complete dentures issued from International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan Dental Polyclinic

2021-11-15T14:24:34+08:00

Removable acrylic complete dentures are a popular choice of treatment for the edentulous patient in Malaysia because of their cost and affordability. However, dissatisfaction among denture wearers with their complete denture is still very common. The goal of this study is to determine the level of satisfaction among patients who receive complete dentures from the IIUM Kuantan Dental Polyclinic, as well as the factors that impact their satisfaction. 42 edentulous patients wearing complete dentures made in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan dental Polyclinic for at least 3 months were included. These patients were interviewed over the phone in Malay or English language regarding their satisfaction towards the complete denture that they received on different parameters like retention, aesthetics, mastication, and phonetic using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) which uses a Likert scale of 0-4 (0= not satisfied at all; 1= not satisfied; 2=acceptable; 3=satisfied; 4=very satisfied) to express their satisfaction. The overall satisfaction comprises of 90.5% of the subjects are satisfied with their complete denture. The fitting of lower denture and mastication contributed to the highest percentage of dissatisfaction. The retention of lower denture contributed to most dissatisfaction of the patients and female patient are more concerned with aesthetic compared to male. As compared to patients who already have worn dentures previously, first-time denture wearers are more satisfied with the upper denture fitting. Three months of wearing duration influenced the successful or treatment. Majority of patients are satisfied with the dentures provided by student of Kulliyyah of Dentistry. However, the dissatisfaction of wearing the complete dentures is mainly because of lower denture is not fit and poor mastication.

Assessing the feasibility of micro-computed tomography in comparing mineral densities and volume values of enamel and dentine in permanent premolars which were extracted teeth for orthodontic and periodontal treatment

2022-05-10T16:59:08+08:00

The objective of our study was to show that the volumes of enamel-dentin tissues and mineral tissue densities of the teeth of young and adult individuals extracted for orthodontic and periodontal purposes could be measured using micro-computerized tomography. Non-decayed teeth extracted due to orthodontic and periodontal reasons were used. The teeth were scanned using a micro-CT (Skyscan 1172, Bruker, Belgium) device. The image data of the samples scanned with micro-CT were used in computer settings through the CTAn program for the calculation of the volumes of enamel and dentin tissues and their mineral densities. Comparisons between groups showed that there is no statistically significant difference between occlusal, middle, or apical zone mineral density values of the enamel and dentin tissues of the teeth in group 1 and group 2 (p>0,05). In addition, no statistically significant difference was detected between the mineral density values of average enamel and dentin tissues. Comparison between groups themselves showed a statistically significant difference between percentage ratios of enamel, dentin, and pulp volume compared to crown volume (p<0.05). We believe that the micro-CT technique is an imaging method that can perform accurate and sensitive measurements meant of volume changes observed in tooth tissues with time. In addition, we concluded that with micro-CT, the densities in enamel and dentin tissues in study groups could be measured reliably.

Retention of periodontally hopeless tooth and the clinical effect on the adjacent tooth at maintenance phase: A retrospective study

2022-05-17T10:30:20+08:00

Previous research has shown that periodontal maintenance therapy can keep teeth healthy for a long time. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the periodontal hopeless tooth that is retained during the maintenance phase. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if retaining a periodontal hopeless tooth had an effect on the periodontal conditions in the adjacent tooth at maintenance. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the periodontal status of periodontitis patients who presented with retained hopeless tooth. Hopeless prognosis is based on the mean percentage of the mesial and distal radiographic bone loss ? 65%. The periodontal status consists of periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BoP), which were evaluated at baseline (T0), after active therapy (T1) and at the last examination (T2) for both the hopeless tooth and the tooth/teeth adjacent to it. Compliance toward maintenance and reason for hopeless tooth extraction were also evaluated at maintenance (T1-T2). A total of 65 patients with 121 hopeless teeth and 187 adjacent teeth were included. Significant improvement of all periodontal parameters for both hopeless and adjacent teeth at T1 and T2 from T0 were observed within 5.05±2.58 years of observation, except for the CAL during maintenance. In conclusion, a low risk of disease progression on the tooth adjacent to the retained periodontal hopeless tooth can be achieved following active treatment with strict maintenance care.