بيع الوفاء وتطبيقاته المعاصرة في المصرفية الإسلامية: دراسة تحليلية
(Selling Loyalty and Its Contemporary Applications in Islamic Banking: An Analytical Study)
Abstract
This research aims to know the truth about the sale of loyalty and its modern applications in Islamic banks and financial institutions in the manner in which some financial institutions and Islamic banks deal in various fields with contemporary names, and jurists differ in explaining its ruling, dealing with it, and identifying it. Based on the fact that the approach followed in this study is the qualitative and analytical approach, therefore the research used books, scientific journals, and official articles in this article, and then analyzed them qualitatively. It is noted that the basic problem is that people want to keep their movable and immovable property, so if their property is sold, their ownership is cut off, so the option that gives them hope of recovering their property is the loyalty sale, and one of the most important things that can cause the problem in the schools of jurisprudence is the lack of a clear text from the Qur’an or the Sunnah in it, Then he points out that the contemporary uses and expressions of the opinions of contemporary jurists regarding the loyalty sale, the most important of which are: the (usurious) sale contract, the banker’s guarantee, the mortgage, and the real estate loan. The research has concluded that the loyalty sale is one of the formal contracts, as the buyer is required to fulfill it by returning the property. To the seller, when the seller returns the price to him, it is apparently a mortgage in the form of a sale, and it violates the provisions of the sales contract and its ruling, which benefits ownership of the sold item as a matter of permanence and stability.
Keywords: Loyalty sale, contemporary applications, Islamic banking, analytical study.
Downloads
References
AAOIFI, Sharia Standards. (Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions, 2018).
ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad Amīn ibn ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār. (Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr, 1992).
Afandī, ʿAlī Ḥaydar Khawāja Amīn, Durar al-Ḥikam fī Sharḥ Mujallah al-Aḥkām. (al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Jīl, 1991).
Al-Dībiyān, Abū ʿUmar Dībiyān bin Muḥammad, al-Muʿāmalāt al-Māliyah, Aṣālah wa-Muʿāṣirah. (al-Riyāḍ: Maktabat al-Malik Fahd al-Waṭaniyyah, 2011).
Al-Ḥamar, ʿAbd al-Malik Yūsuf, al-Bunūk al-Islāmiyyah wa-Dawruhā al-Maʾmūl wa-al-ʿAmalī fī al-Tanmiyah al-Shāmilah. (Abū Ẓaby: al-Imārāt al-ʿArabiyyah al-Muttaḥidah, n.d).
Al-Ḥamawī al-Ḥanafī, Aḥmad bin Muḥammad Makkī, Abū al-ʿAbbās, Shihāb al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī, Ghamz ʿUyūn al-Baṣāʾir fī Sharḥ al-Ashbāh wa-al-Naẓāʾir. (al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1985).
Al-Haytamī, Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin ʿAlī bin Ḥajar, al-Fatāwā al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kubrā. (Miṣr: al-Maktabah al-Islāmiyyah, 1838).
Al-Haytamī, Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin ʿAlī bin Ḥajar, Tuḥfat al-Muḥtāj fī Sharḥ al-Minhāj. (Bayrūt: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1938).
Al-Jurjānī, ʿAlī bin Muḥammad bin ʿAlī al-Zayn al-Sharīf, al-Taʿrīfāt. (Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1983).
Al-Kāsānī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Abū Bakr bin Masʿūd bin Aḥmad, Badāʾiʿ al-Ṣanāʾiʿ. (Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1986).
Al-Laḥīm, ʿAbd al-Karīm bin Muḥammad, al-Muṭāliʿ ʿalā Daqāʾiq Zād al-Mustaqniʿ, “Financial Transactions”. (Riyāḍ: Dār Kunūz Išbīliyā li-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʿ, 2008).
Al-Lajnah al-Dāʾimah li-al-Buḥūth al-ʿIlmiyyah wa-al-Iftāʾ, Fatāwā al-Lajnah al-Dāʾimah – al-Majmūʿah al-Ūlā. (al-Riyāḍ: Riʾāsat Idārat al-Baḥth al-ʿIlmī wa-al-Iftāʾ – al-Idārah al-ʿĀmmah li-al-Ṭibāʿah, n.d).
Al-Marghīnānī, ʿAlī bin Abī Bakr bin ʿAbd al-Jalīl Burhān al-Dīn, al-Hidāyah fī Sharḥ Bidāyat al-Mubtadī. (Lubnān: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 2010).
Al-Māwardī, ʿAlī bin Muḥammad, al-Ḥāwī al-Kabīr. (Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1999).
al-Qayrawānī, ʿAbdullāh bin (Abī Zayd) ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Nafzī, al-Nawādir wa-al-Ziyādāt. (Bayrūt: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1999).
Al-Rāzī, Aḥmad bin Fāris bin Zakarīyā al-Qazwīnī, Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lughah. (Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr, 2007).
Al-Shahūd, ʿAlī bin Nāyif, al-Mufaṣṣal fī Aḥkām al-Ribā, al-Bāḥith fī al-Qurʾān wa-al-Sunnah.
Al-Shinqīṭī, Aḥmad bin Maḥmūd bin ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, al-Waṣf al-Munāsib li-Sharʿ al-Ḥikam. (al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah: ʿImādat al-Baḥth al-ʿIlmī, al-Jāmiʿah al-Islāmiyyah, 1995).
Al-Sughdi al-Ḥanafī, ʿAlī bin al-Ḥusayn bin Muḥammad, al-Nutf fī al-Fatāwā. (Bayrūt: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1984).
Al-Ṭarābulusī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī bin Khalīl al-Ḥanafī, Muʿīn al-Ḥukkām fīmā Yataraddad Bayn al-Khaṣmayn min al-Aḥkām.
Al-ʿUmrānī, ʿAbdullāh bin Muḥammad, Ṣukūk al-Ijārah al-Mawṣūfah fī al-Dhimmah wa-al-Muntahiyah bi-al-Tamlīk. (King Abdulaziz University Journal: Islamic Economics, 2011).
Al-Zarqāʾ Aḥmad bin Shaykh Muḥammad, Sharḥ al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah. (Sūriyā: Dār al-Qalam, 1989).
Khallāf, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, ʿIlm Uṣūl al-Fiqh. (Al-Qāhirah: Maktabat al-Daʿwah – Shabāb al-Azhar, 2008).
Majmu’at min al-Kuttab,, Fatāwā Dār al-Iftāʾ al-Miṣriyyah. (Dār al-Iftāʾ al-Miṣriyyah, 1896).
