Green Synthesized of Silver Nanoparticles from Anisophyllea corneri Leaf Extract and Its Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities

Ika Rizky Fadhillah; Muhammad Taher; Mokhamad Nur; Deny Susanti

doi:10.31436/jop.v4i1.265

Authors

Ika Rizky Fadhillah Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Muhammad Taher Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Mokhamad Nur Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Deny Susanti Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/jop.v4i1.265

Keywords:

Anisophyllea corneri, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, green synthesis, silver nanoparticle

Abstract

Introduction: The escalating global threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens necessitates innovative approaches to combat drug resistance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their potent antimicrobial and anti-cancer properties. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective method. This study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AC-AgNPs) using Anisophyllea corneri leaf extracts and evaluates their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

Materials and methods: An eco-friendly synthesis approach was employed, utilizing A. corneri leaf extracts as reducing agents. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) was utilized for phytochemical profiling. The synthesis process was optimized at various temperatures (60?C, 70?C, 80?C) and pH levels (4, 9) to achieve optimal AgNPs outcomes. Characterization of AC-AgNPs included UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, SEM, Zeta potential, and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Antimicrobial evaluation was conducted against four bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) using paper disc diffusion. Cytotoxicity was assessed through the MTT assay on MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line).

Results: A. corneri leaf extract exhibited abundant active compounds facilitating the reduction of silver ions. Optimization revealed that 70?C at pH 9 produced AC-AgNPs with a minimal particle size of 135.5 nm and a stable zeta potential (-45.1±11.7 mV). AC-AgNPs displayed a spherical morphology. Antimicrobial trials demonstrated moderate efficacy against the tested bacteria, with inhibition zones ranging from 8 to 10 mm. Additionally, AC-AgNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential with a moderate IC₅₀ of 74.9 µg/mL.

Conclusion: The green synthesis, characterisation and biological activities of AgNPs from A. corneri leaf extracts have been established. It is recommended to optimise the synthesis process and validate the biological activities.

References

Abdi, V., Sourinejad, I., Yousefzadi, M., & Ghasemi, Z. (2018). Mangrove-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using native Avicennia marina plant extract from southern Iran. Chemical Engineering Communications, 205(8), 1069-1076. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2018.1431624

Ali, A., Banerjee, S., Kamaal, S., Us-man, M., Das, N., Afzal, M., Alarifi, A., Sepay, N., Roy, P., Ahmad, M. (2021). Ligand substituent effect on the cytotoxicity activity of two new copper(ii) complexes bearing 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives: validated by MTT assay and apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cell line (human breast cancer). RSC Adv. 11(24), 14362-14373. doi: 10.1039/d1ra00172h.

Bari, N. A. A., Ferdosh, S., & Sarker, M. Z. I. (2021). Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of A Malaysian Medical Plant Anisophyllea disticha (Jack) Baill. and Quantification of Its Phenolic Constituents. Bangladesh J. Bot, 50(3), 515-521. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i3.55830

Bakshi, M., Ghosh, S., & Chaudhuri, P. (2015). Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles using three mangrove plants from Indian Sundarban. BioNanoScience, 5, 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-015-0175-8

Böhmert, L., Niemann, B., Thüne-mann, A. F., & Lampen, A. (2012). Cytotoxicity of peptide-coated silver nanoparticles on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Archives of toxicology, 86(7), 1107-1115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-012-0840-4

Eze, F. N., Tola, A. J., Nwabor, O. F., & Jayeoye, T. J. (2019). Centella asiatica phenolic extract-mediated bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles: Characterization, reduction of industrially relevant dyes in water and antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens. RSC Advances, 9(65), 37957–37970. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08618h

Firdhouse, J., & Lalitha, P. (2015). Apoptotic efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. Progress in biomaterials, 4, 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-015-0042-2

Gnanadesigan, M., Anand, M., Ra-vikumar, S., Maruthupandy, M., Ali, M. S., Vijayakumar, V., & Kumaraguru, A. K. (2011). Anti-bacterial potential of biosynthesised silver nanoparticles using Avicennia marina mangrove plant. Appl Nanosci, 2, 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-011-0048-6

Ibrahim, H. (2015). Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using banana peel extract and their antimicrobial activity against representative microorganisms. J. Rad Res App Sci, 8(3), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2015.01.007

Kredy, H. M. (2018). The effect of pH, temperature on the green synthesis and biochemical activities of silver nanoparticles from Lawsonia inermis extract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(8), 2022-2026.

Lin, P. C., Lin, S., Wang, P. C., & Srdhar, R. (2014). Techniques for physicochemical characterization of nanomaterials. Biotechnology advances, 32(4), 711-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.006

Loo, Y. Y., Rukayadi, Y., Nor-Khaizura, M.-A.-R., Kuan, C. H., Chieng, B. W., Nishibuchi, M., & Radu, S. (2018). In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Selected Gram-negative Foodborne Pathogens. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01555

Marciniak, L., Nowak, M., Trojanowska, A., Tylkowski, B., & Jastrzab, R. (2020). The Effect of pH on the Size of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained in the Reduction Reaction with Citric and Malic Acids. Materials (Basel), 13(23), 5444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235444

Mazayen, Z. M., Ghoneim, A. M., Elbatanony, R. S., Basalious, E. B., & Bendas, E. R. (2022). Pharmaceutical nanotechnology: from the bench to the market. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094- 022-00400-0

Mustapha, T., Misni, N., Ithnin, N. R., Daskum, A. M., & Unyah, N. Z. (2022). A Review on Plants and Microorganisms Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles, Role of Plants Metabolites and Applications. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(2), 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020674

O’Bryan, C. A., Crandall, P. G., & Ricke, S. C. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens. In Food and feed safety systems and analysis, 99-115. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811835-1.00006-3

Oktaviani, D. T., F, D. C., & Amrullah, A. (2015). Sintesis Nano Ag dengan Metode Reduksi Kimia. Sainteknol: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.15294/sainteknol.v13i2.5242

Onivogui, G., Letsididi, R., Diaby, M., Wang, L., & Song, Y. (2016). Influence of extraction solvents on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the pulp and seed of Anisophyllea laurina R. Br. ex Sabine fruits. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 6(1), 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.09.023

Patel, L. N., Uchiyama, T., Kim, K. J., Borok, Z., Crandall, E. D., Shen, W. C., & Lee, V. H. (2008). Molecular and functional expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 in primary cultured rat alveolar epithelial cells. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 97(6), 2340-2349. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.21134

Patil, M. P., & Kim, G. D. (2017). Eco-friendly approach for nanoparticles synthesis and mechanism behind antibacterial activity of silver and anticancer ativity of gold nanoparticles. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 101(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-8012-8

Patra, J. K., & Baek, K. H. (2014). Green nanobiotechnology: factors affecting synthesis and characterization techniques. Journal of Nanomaterials, 219. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/417305

Sankar, M. V., & Abideen, S. (2015). Pesticidal effect of Green synthesized silver and lead nanoparticles using Avicennia marina against grain storage pest Sitophilus oryzae. International Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 5(3), 32-39.

Sau, T. K., & Rogach, A. L. (2010). Nonspherical Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Colloid-Chemical Synthesis and Morphology Control. Advanced Materials, 22(16), 1781-1804. doi:10.1002/adma.200901271

Shembele, B., Mahlangeni, N., & Moodley, R. (2022). Biosynthesis and bioactivities of metal nanoparticles mediated by Helichrysum aureonitens. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology, 13(8), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-022-00316-7

Siddiqui, M. T., Mondal, A. H., Sultan, I., A, A., & M. R., H. Q. (2019). Co-occurrence of ESBLs and silver resistance determinants among bacterial isolates inhabiting polluted stretch of river Yamuna, India. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16, 5611–5622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1939-9

Suriyakala, G., Sathiyaraj, S., Babujanarthanam, R., Alarjani, K. M., Hussein, D. S., Rasheed, R. A., & Kanimozhi, K. (2022). Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Jatropha integerrima Jacq. flower extract and their antibacterial activity. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 34(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101830

Susanti, D., Haris, M. S., Taher, M., & Khotib, J. (2022). Natural Products-Based Metallic Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.895616

Tang, J., Chen, Q., Xu, L., Zhang, S., Feng, L., Cheng, L., Xu, H., Liu, Z., & Peng, R. (2013). Graphene Oxide–Silver Nanocomposite As a Highly Effective Antibacterial Agent with Species-Specific Mechanisms. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 5(9), 3867–3874. https://doi.org/10.1021/am4005495

Tanwar, J., Das, S., Fatima, Z., & Hameed, S. (2014). Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis. Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/541340

Zhang, X, F., Liu, Z. G., Shen, W., & Gurunathan, S. (2016). Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci, 17(9), 1534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17091534

Zuhrotun, A., Oktaviani, D. J., & Hasanah, A. N. (2023). Biosynthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using Phytochemical Compounds. Molecules, 28(7), 3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073240