The Malay Version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire on the Intention of Pre-Pregnancy Care Services Utilisation: A Validation Study

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to translate and adapt the Theory of Planned Behaviour questionnaire on intention of pre-pregnancy care services utilisation (IPCSU) from English to Malay and determine its validity and reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional validation study conducted at UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia from October to December 2022 among 145 unmarried female undergraduate students aged 18 to 25 years who could speak and understand written Malay. Participants were excluded if they were currently pregnant or had been pregnant in the past. Convenience sampling was employed for participant selection. The English version of the 25-item IPCSU questionnaire was subjected to translation, adaptation, content validation, and face validation, ; followed by field testing to create the Malay version. Psychometric analysis was performed using exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. RESULTS: A total of 145 participants (91% response rate) were recruited, with 89.7% being Malay and a mean age of 21.7 years (±SD 1.6). The scale-level content validity index/average (0.98) and scalelevel face validity index/average (0.88) were acceptable. Exploratory factor analysis found that the Malay version of IPCSU had four conceptually equivalent domains, with four items removed due to a low inter-item correlation matrix. The construct validity achieved an acceptable factor loading for each construct (0.47 to 0.80). The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.95, indicating excellent internal consistency, and the intraclasscorrelation coefficient values ranged from 0.46 to 0.86, indicating moderate to excellent reproducibility. CONCLUSION: The Malay version of the IPCSU questionnaire is valid, reliable, and stable over time.