"المقاصد الشرعية لمنتج رهن الذهب لأغراض التمويل الأصغر "دراسة تأصيلية تحليلية (Maqāsid Shari’ah in the Product of Rahn Gold for Micro Finance: Structural & Analytic Study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i2.970الملخص
يعتبر مقصد حفظ المال من حيث أهميته مقصدا ضروريا خادما للمقاصد الضرورية الأخرى: الدين والنفس والعقل والنسل. ولقد شُرّعت كثير من الأحكام لحفظها من جانب الوجود بمقاصد خاصة لتنميتها؛ ومن جانب العدم لدفع ما يفسدها وبتوفير وسائل الأمان لها في استدامة نفعها في تدوير عجلة الاقتصاد. وتتناول هذه الدراسة منتج "الرهن" بالذهب كوسيلة في تنمية المال - وهو من صيغ التمويل الأصغر- وذلك بتقييمه في ضوء مقاصد أربعة خاصة بالمال، وهي: النماء، التداول، الشفافية والعدالة. تتم الدراسة من خلال عدّة مباحث؛ تتناول التعريف بالرهن وأحكامه. والتعريف بمقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية والمالية منها، والتعريف بالمنتج وآليته في التجربة الماليزية؛ مع تقييمه من خلال أصول مقاصد الشريعة في التمويل. تستند الدراسة إلى المنهج الاستقرائي في تتبع وجمع المادة العلمية والمنهج التحليلي في شرحها وتقييمها. ثم نختم بخاتمة تتضمن نتائج مهمة؛ أهمها الإفادة بتأصيل مقاصدي مناسب للمنتج وإظهار أهميته في توسيع التمويلات للشرائح الفقيرة من المجتمع والتي لاتتوفر فيها مؤهلات الاقتراض من المصارف. يوصي البحث بالاستفادة من هذا المنتج وتوسيع تجربته في بلدان أخرى تعرف كثيرا من التقاليد التي تكنز فيها ثروة كبيرة من الذهب.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: التمويل الأصغر، رهن الذهب، التجربة الماليزية، مقاصد الشريعة.
Abstract
The higher objectives of Shariah are defined as those underlying meanings and salient thresholds behind the rulings and wisdom of the law giver (Allah SWT), namely, the preservation of religion, soul, mind, progeny, and wealth. The higher objective of protection of wealth is the utilization through developmental investment, and to avoid any corruption against the wealth by providing safety and sustainability means of investment for successful economic growth. This study examines the product “Ar- rahnu gold” through the use of gold as a means of wealth development -as one of the microfinance tools- by evaluating it in light of the four the purposes of money, namely: development, trading, transparency and fairness. It also explains the definition of the purposes of Islamic law and objective protecting the wealth, the definition of the product and its mechanism based Malaysian experience; with an evaluation through the principles of the purposes of Shariah in financing. The researchers conclude most importantly the essential intent of establishing appropriate purposes for the product and to demonstrate the importance wealth expanding and redistribution for the poor segments of society that do not have the qualifications to borrow from banks. The research recommends exploring the advantages of this product and expanding its application in other countries that that commonly hold a huge wealth in form of gold.
Keywords: Microfinance, Islamic pawn broking, Ar-rahnu, Malaysian experience, Maqāsid Shari’ah.
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