Stipulation of Rights in the Practice of Nikah Al-Khitbah According to the Fuqaha’ and the Islamic Family Law in Malaysia (Penetapan Syarat di dalam amalan Nikah Khitbah menurut Fuqaha’ dan Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam di Malaysia)

Authors

  • Miszairi Sitiris Assistant professor, Department of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh, (KIRKHS), IIUM
  • Mustafa bin Mat Jubri @ Shamsuddin Assistant professor, Department of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh, (KIRKHS), IIUM
  • Mohd Afandi bin Awang Hamat Assistant professor, Department of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh, (KIRKHS), IIUM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i1.847

Abstract

Nikahal-khitbah or popularly known as nikah gantung became a choice of a handful of teenagers especially among university students in Malaysia due to financial constraints and educational reason. Such type of wedding practice raises a number of questions related to juristic issues. This is because the practice of Nikahal-khitbah involves establishing some limitation of rights that violate the purpose or intent of marriage. Among others, the spouses agree to defer some of their rights such as declining the right of nafaqah and the right of sexual intercourse which are against the original purpose (muqtada aqd) of marriage contract. This paper aims to study the opinions of jurists (FuqahÉ’) regarding such limitation or agreement in marriage contract and their validity according to the Islamic Family Law in Malaysia. This paper relies on analytical study in discussing the opinions of the Fuqaha’ and understanding the legal texts of the law related to the matter. This study found that marriage practice through nikah al-khitbah is valid according to the majority views of FuqahÉ’. Islamic family laws in Malaysia do not deny the validity of such marriage practices although there are some legal effects on the limitation of marriage rights.          

Keywords: Agreement in marriage contract, nikah al-khitbah, permission by the wali, Islamic Family Law in Malaysia.

Abstrak

Nikah al-khitbah atau lebih dikenali dengan nikah gantung menjadi pilihan segelintir remaja terutamanya di kalangan pelajar universiti di Malaysia atas faktor kekangan kewangan serta pelajaran. Amalan pernikahan ini menimbulkan beberapa pertanyaan berkaitan hukum fiqh. Ini adalah kerana di dalam amalan pernikahan secara nikah al-khitbah melibatkan penetapan beberapa syarat tertentu yang menyalahi maksud serta tujuan pernikahan. Antaranya, pasangan suami isteri bersetuju untuk melepaskan hak mereka terhadap pasangan mereka, iaitu hak mendapat nafaqah dan hak melakukan hubungan kelamin, yang mana ianya bercanggah dengan matlamat asal atau muqtada akad nikah. Objektif kertas kerja ini adalah untuk mengkaji pandangan para Fuqaha’ terhadap pensyaratan atau perjanjian sebegitu di dalam akad nikah dan keterikatannya menurut Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam di Malaysia. Kertas kerja ini menggunakan kaedah analis di dalam membincangkan pandangan Fuqaha’ dan di dalam memahami peruntukan undang-undang berkaitan dengan perkara tersebut. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa amalan perkahwinan secara nikah al-khitbah adalah sah menurut pandangan majoriti FuqahÉ’. Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam di Malaysia tidak menafikan kesahan amalan pernikahan tersebut walaupun terdapat beberapa kesan undang-undang terhadap syarat yang ditetapkan.           

Kata Kunci: Pensyaratan di dalam akad nikah, nikah al-khitbah, izin wali, Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam di Malaysia.

 

References

Al-Ashqar, U.S. AÍkÉm Al-ZawÉj. Jordan: DÉr Al-NafÉ’is, 1997.

Al-Bakri, Z.M., 2018. Nikah siam tanpa wali mujbir. Assessed on April 9, 2020. Shorturl.at/axyT4.

Al-BukhÉrÊ M.I. SahÊh Al-BukhÉrÊ. Beirut: DÉr al-Thuruq Al-NajÉh, 2002.

Al-Dardir A. Al-Sharh Al-KabÊr. DÉr Al-Fikr, n.d..

Al-DusËqÊ, M.A. HÉshiyyah Al-DusËqÊ. Beirut: DÉr Al-Kutub Al-’Ilmiyyah, 1996.

Al-KÉsÉnÊ, ‘A.S. BadÉ’i’ Al-ØanÉi’i. Beirut: DÉr IÍya’ Al-TurÉth Al-‘ArabÊ, 1997.

Al-MarghÊnÉnÊ, A.A. Al-HidÉyah fÊ sharh BidÉyah Al-MubtadÊ. Beirut: DÉr IÍyÉ’ Al-TurÉth Al-‘ArabÊ, 1995

Al-Mujahid, M.S. Al-AÍwÉl Al-ShahÎiyyah, Damacus: DÉr Al-RisÉlah Al-‘Alamiyyah, 2016.

Al-MuqaddisÊ, I.Q. Al-MughnÊ. Riyad: DÉr ’AlÉm Al-Kutub. 1997.

Al-NaysabËrÊ, M.A. ØaÍÊh Muslim. Beirut: DÉr IÍyÉ’ Al-TurÉth Al-’ArabÊ, n.d.

Al-QurÏubÊ, I.R. Bidayah Al-Mujtahid wa Nihayah Al-Muqtasid. Beirut: Dar Al-‘Ilmiyyah. 2004

Al-QurÏubÊ, Y. Al-KÉfÊ. Al-Riyad: Maktabah Al-RiyÉÌ Al-HadÊthah, 1980.

Al-SarkhasÊ, M.A. Al-MabsËÌ. Beirut: DÉr Al-Ma’rifah. 1993.

Al-SharbÊnÊ, M.A.A. MughnÊ Al-MuÍtÉj ilÉ Ma’rifati Ma’Éni AlfÉÐ Al-MinhÉj. Beirut: DÉr Al-Kutub Al-’Ilmiyyah. 1994.

Al-SharÏawÊ, M.A. Sharh QÉnËn Al-AÍwÉl Al-Shahsiyyah. Jordan: DÉr Al-Fikr, 1997.

Al-SyawkÉnÊ, M. Nayl Al-AwÏÉr. Misr: DÉr Al-HadÊth, 2003.

Al-Syayrazi, I. Al-MuhaÐÐab. DÉr Al-Kutub Al’Ilmiyyah. n.d.

Al-ZarqÉnÊ, M.A. Syarh Al-ZarqÉnÊ ‘alÉ MuaÏÏa’ Al-ImÉm MÉlik. Cairo: Maktabah Al-Thaqafah Al-Diniyyah, 2003.

Al-Zuhayli, M. Al-Mu’tamad fÊ Al-Fiqh Al-ShÉfi’Ê. Damuscus: DÉr Al-Qalam, 2011.

Anas, M. Al-MuaÏÏa’. Beirut: IÍyÉ’ Al-TurÉth Al-’ArabÊ, 1985.

Arifin, H. Nikah Gantung: A ‘Halal’ alternative to ‘Unlawful’ dating? Karyawan, vol. 9, issue 1, 2008

Ashraf, H. Sebelum aku bernikah: memeluk sempurna. Kuala Lumpur: Publishing House, 2015.

Hasan, W.R. and Abdullah, M.F.R. Memudahkan Urusan Perkahwinan antara Langkah Pencegahan Zina; Ulasan terhadap ayat 32-33 surah Al-Nur. E-Proceeding, 4th International Conference on Islamiyyat Studies 2018, 18th - 19th September 2018. Tenera Hotel, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, 2018.

Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984.

Jaafar, N. and Ismail, S. Tiada calon sesuai dan faktor kewangan punca lewat kahwin. Berita Harian, August 7, Sunday, 2016. Accessed on 10/4/2020. https://www.bharian.com.my/node/180661.

Kamus Dewan Edisi ke-4. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2014.

Kosmo. Ramai membujang lantaran hantaran mahal. Accessed on 10/4/2020. https://baitulmuslim.com/artikel-perkahwinan/hantaran-tinggi-punca-lelaki-kahwin-lambat.

Letter of Instruction No. 8, Year 2007: Practice of divorce through ta’liq.

Sitiris, M. and Mustafa, M.J.S. NikÉÍ Al-Khitbah menurut perspektif Is-lam. In: Dilema pelajar: pelajaran, cinta dan perkahwinan? Shah Alam: Persatuan Ulama' Malaysia, 2018.

Taymiyyah, T. Al-FatÉwÉ Al-KubrÉ. Beirut: DÉr Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1987.

Zaidan, A. Al-MufaÎÎal fÊ AhkÉm Al-Mar’ah. Beirut: Muassasah Al-RisÉlah. 1997.

Website:

Hukum kahwin lari, hukum nikah hamil, hukum nikah di Thailand sah atau tidak. Assessed on March 19, 2020. http://nikah-siam.sukasamasuka.net/fatwa-nikah.html.

Kompilasi Pandangan Hukum Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam. Assessed on March 19, 2020. http://www.islam.gov.my/images/ePenerbitan/KOMPILASI_MUZAKARAH_MKI_2016.pdf.

MÉ huwa ‘aqd al-qirÉn. Assessed on March 19, 2020. Shorturl.at/ijmBC.

Nikah Gantung: Nikah Khitbah di Thailand. Assessed on March 19, 2020. http://nikah-kahwin.com/nikah-khitbah.php.

Promosi terbaik nikah di Thailand 2020/2021. Assessed on March 19, 2020. http://www.nikahsiam-kahwinthailand.com/.

Hal yuÏlaqu ‘alÉ ‘aqd al-zawÉj ‘aqd qirÉn? Assessed on March 19, 2020. https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/124096/.

Wali Enggan. Assessed on March 29, 2020. http://nikah-kahwin.com/wali-enggan.php.

Law case:

Arfah vs Mohd Bakiri (Kes no.: 10005-054-0143-2006). Assessed on March 19, 2020. Shorturl.at/loOY8.

Interview:

Idris, Siti Salehah (2020, April 10) Personal Interview. Syariah Lawyer, Malacca.

Saadan, Mohd Hilmi (2020, April 8) Personal Interview. Registrar for Marriage, Divorce and Rujuk, Selangor Islamic Religious Department.

Soleh, Abdul Malik (2020, April 7) Personal Interview. Syariah Assistant Director, Selangor Legal Aid Department.

Downloads

Published

2020-09-17

How to Cite

Sitiris, M., @ Shamsuddin, M. bin M. J. ., & bin Awang Hamat, M. A. . (2020). Stipulation of Rights in the Practice of Nikah Al-Khitbah According to the Fuqaha’ and the Islamic Family Law in Malaysia (Penetapan Syarat di dalam amalan Nikah Khitbah menurut Fuqaha’ dan Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam di Malaysia). Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077), 17(1), 314–331. https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i1.847

Issue

Section

English Articles