The Role of Custom in Managing Child Custody: A Juridico-Psychological Analysis in Local Context (Peranan Adat dalam Menguruskan Penjagaan Anak: Satu Analisis Psikologi-Fiqh dalam Konteks Tempatan)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i3.989Abstract
Child custody is one of most important matters in managing the after effects of divorce as far as their impact on the child is concerned. Guided by the general principles of the Qur’an and Sunnah on parenting and parental role, classical jurists developed their own theory of managing such impacts in tandem with what was realistically working for their time and environment. With the changes in the pattern of parenting and traditional family structure in societies like Malaysia, it is suggested the fiqh of child custody has to be relevantised so as to result in minimizing debilitating after effects of parental separation on the children. The Current practice of mostly awarding the custody to the mother is not a full remedy, thus this study using juridico-psychological methods of analysis argues for finding juridical basis for joint-custody. Data related to the research were collected from print and internet sources. The textual and content-analysis methods were used in interpreting the relevant data. The research findings highlighted that the solution to the problem with regard to child custody should be in line with the modern psychological needs of the child so long it is within the parameters set by the Shariah and brings greater benefit to the child. Moreover, if both the parents of the child are Islamic in their orientation of thinking, a joint-custody will be more rewarding towards the child’s psychological needs and growth.
Keywords: Child custody, juridico, legal, joint custody, psychological.
Abstrak
Penjagaan anak adalah salah satu perkara yang paling penting dalam mengatasi kesan perceraian terhadap anak. Berpandukan kepada prinsip-prinsip umum Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah mengenai peranan ibu bapa dalam penjagaan anak, para ahli hukum zaman silam telah menyarankan teori masing-masing ke arah pengurangan impak terhadap anak sesuai dengan zaman dan hal keadaan setempat pada masa itu. Dengan perubahan yang berlaku terhadap corak keibubapaan dan struktur keluarga dari tradisional ke moden seperti hal yang berlaku dalam kalangan masyarakat di Malaysia, disarankan fiqh mengenai hak penjagaan anak harus relevan sehingga dapat mengurangkan kesan pemisahan ibu bapa terhadap anak. Amalan semasa yang diguna pakai yang memberi hak keutamaan yang berlebihan kepada pihak ibu dalam penjagaan anak bukanlah suatu penyelesaian yang tuntas. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan juridico-psikologi (hukum dan kaedah psikologi), hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa cara penyelesaian yang terbaik adalah dengan mengambil kira asas perundangan untuk memberi hak penjagaan bersama. Data yang berkaitan dengan kajian ini telah diperolehi dari sumber cetak dan internet. Kaedah analisis teks dan kandungan diguna pakai dalam menafsir data yang relevan dengan kajian ini. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penyelesaian untuk masalah berkenaan dengan hak penjagaan anak harus sesuai dengan keperluan psikologi moden anak itu selagi ianya tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Syariah dan membawa manfaat yang lebih besar kepada anak. Lebih-lebih lagi, jika kedua ibu bapa kanak-kanak itu Islamik dari segi orientasi berfikir, maka penjagaan bersama akan lebih bermanfaat terhadap keperluan dan pertumbuhan psikologi kanak-kanak tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Penjagaan anak, perundangsn Fiqh, penjagaan bersama, psikologi.
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