صرف أموال الزكاة في التكافل الصحي المصغر: دراسة فقهية (using zakat funds as contributions for Micro-health takaful: A shariah Perspective)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i2.966Abstract
التكافل الصحي المصغر من أنواع التكافل المهمة في وقتنا المعاصر، ولعل ذلك بسبب الأهمية البالغة التي تحظى بها قضية الصحة في الآونة الأخيرة. وتهدف هذه الورقة إلى النظر في ما إذا كان صرف أموال الزكاة للاشتراك في منظومة التكافل الصحي يتماشى مع الشريعة الإسلامية، وعليه فقد تطرّقت الدراسة إلى بعض القضايا الشرعية المتعلقة بصرف أموال الزكاة للتكافل الصحي، والتي تتمثّل في القول باشتراط تمليك الأصناف أموال الزكاة أو عدم الاشتراط، ومن جهة أخرى ناقشت الورقة مفهوم مصرف "وفي سبيل الله" وما إذا كان هذا المصرف يغطي كافة وجوه الخير أو يخصص في تجهيز الغزو. انتهجت الورقة المنهج الاستنباطي والمنهج التحليلي بالاعتماد على البيانات الثانوية من خلال مراجعة الأدبيات الفقهية والدراسات السابقة، وتحليل ما ورد في التراث الفقهي الإسلامي وفتاوى الفقهاء المعاصرين في استخدام أموال الزكاة لدعم التكافل الصحي. وخلصت الدراسة إلى عدم اشتراط تمليك الأصناف، وإنما يكتفى بقطع الملكية من المزكي، كما خلصت الدراسة إلى أن مصرف "وفي سبيل الله" يشمل الصرف إلى جميع وجوه الخير، وبناء على ذلك فصرف الزكاة للتكافل الصحي المصغر لا يخرج عن المقاصد التي وضعت من أجلها الزكاة؛ لأن في ذلك رفع معاناة الفقراء والمساكين والمحتاجين من أصحاب الدخل المحدود. توصي هذه الورقة مؤسسات الزكاة والهيئات المختصة للنظر في الإجراءات اللازمة لتفعيل دور الزكاة في الرعاية الصحية للفقراء والمحتاجين، كما توصي الورقة الفقهاء المعاصرين للنظر إلى القضايا الشرعية ذات الصلة بدور الزكاة في التنمية الاجتماعية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: المسائل الشرعية، الزكاة، التكافل المصغر.
Abstract
Micro-health takaful is one of the most important types of takaful in recent times. This, perhaps, is because of the profound significance assumed by health issues lately. This research study is aimed at examining whether using zakat funds as contributions to health takaful pools is in consonance with Islamic law (Shariah), and thus, the study touches on some Shariah issues related to the disbursement of zakat funds for the purpose of health takaful, which is represented in the view whether or not transferring the ownership of zakat proceeds to the beneficiaries is a precondition. On the other hand, it also examines the concept of the beneficiary labelled, wa fī sabīlil Lah (those [struggling] in the cause of Allah) as to whether this category of beneficiaries covers all the forms of struggling in a good cause or it is peculiar to funding military expedition. Th study adopts deductive and analytical methods based on secondary data by reviewing previous studies and literatures on Islamic jurisprudence, analysing reports in Islamic jurisprudential heritage and contemporary fatwas on the use zakat funds to support health takaful. This study finds that it is not a condition to transfer the ownership of zakat funds to beneficiaries, rather it is suffices to take over their ownership from the payer. Furthermore, it is found that the beneficiary labelled, wa fī sabīlil Lah comprises disbursing zakat to all forms of any good cause. For this reason, disbursing zakat for micro-health takaful is not exempted from the objectives for which zakat has been imposed, because doing so relieves the hardship suffered by the destitute, the poor and the needy with limited, insufficient income. This study recommends that zakat institutions and private organizations consider the necessary measures to foster the role of zakat in medical care for the poor and the needy, just as it recommends that contemporary scholars address Shariah issues that relate to the role of zakat in social development.
Keywords: Shariah Issues, Zakat, Micro takaful.
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