الرؤية الإسلامية المقاصدية للمفاوضات السياسية: دراسة تحليلية للمفاهيم النظرية العامة (Political Negotiations from the Maqasidi Perspective: An Analytical Study of General Theoretical Concepts)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i1.949Abstract
تتعرض هذه الدراسة لبيان ضرورة عملية التفاوض في شتى مجالات الحياة، سيما المتعلقة بالمفاوضات السياسية بين الدول والمجتمعات والجماعات، وذلك استنادا إلى مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية، ومن جملة ما ترمي إليه الدراسة تفعيل دور الفقه السياسي في معالجة بعض النوازل وفق المقاصد الشرعية. ومن أبرز المحاور التي تم التركيز عليها: معاني المفاوضات وأهميتها، وعناصر المفاوضات وخصائصها، ومبادئ التفاوض ونظرياته، ومشروعية المفاوضات وضوابطها الشرعية ومقاصدها العامة، وذلك باستخدام مناهج ثلاثة: المنهج التحليلي لدراسة الإشكالات العلمية المختلفة المرتبطة بالتفاوض، والمنهج الاستقرائي لاستنطاق النصوص؛ لمعرفة مقاصدها، وتنزيلها على مستجدات واقعنا المعاصر، إضافة إلى المنهج التاريخي، وذلك من خلال جمع وتوثيق المعلومات التاريخية المتعلقة بالمفاوضات كالعوامل التي أثرت فيها، والظروف التي أحاطت بها. ومن النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة، أن ثمة ترابطا بين المعاني اللغوية لمفهوم المفاوضات ومفاهيمها الاصطلاحية، وأن لعملية التفاوض ضوابط شرعية عديدة، أهمها ارتباطها بمصلحة غير ملغاة، وأن لا تتعارض مع ضرورة شرعية، فتبطلها، أو تقدمها على مرتبة أعلى منها دون سند شرعي أو عقلي سليم. من أهم مقاصد المفاوضات التعارف، والإقناع، والتعاون على البر والتقوى، والإصلاح بين المتخاصمين، والسلامة في الدين، والنفس، والعقل، والنسل، والمال والوصول بالخصم إلى الحق بطريق لا ينكره هو.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: المفاوضات، السياسة، الفقه السياسي، مقاصد الشريعة.
Abstract
This study aims to highlight the Maqasidi perspective in the negotiation process in various domains of life, especially the political negotiation between states, societies and organizations. The activation of the role of Political Jurisprudence in addressing some of the contemporary issues has been one of the main concerns of this short study. Among the most prominent aspects that were focused on: the meanings and importance of negotiations, their elements, theories, legality and general purposes as well as characteristics and principles of negotiations according to the Objectives of Shari’ah. Three approaches have been applied here namely; the analytical approach to study the various scientific problems that are related to negotiations, and the inductive approach for examining and scoping the texts to know their purposes so that they can be adopted in the developments of our contemporary reality, in addition to the historical method which has been used in collecting and documenting historical information related to negotiations such as the factors that affected them, and the circumstances that surrounded them. Among the findings of the study, is that noticeably there is a correlation between the linguistic meanings of the concept of negotiations and their idiomatic concepts, and that the negotiating process has some Shariah regulations and controls the most important of which is their association with interests that are not Islamically rejected and that they do not contradict a necessity considered by Islamic Law, nullify it, or prioritize it over a higher rank interest “Maslahah” than it without legal and logical support. Persuasion, cooperation on righteousness and piety, reconciliation between the litigants, safety in religion, life, intellect, lineage and wealth, are among the most significant purposes of negotiations.
Keywords: Negotiations, politics, political jurisprudence, Maqasid al-Shari’ah.
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