نشأة المقال وازدهاره في الأدب العربي (The Emergence of Written Articles and Its Advancement in Arabic Literature)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v16i3.903Abstract
لقد لحق بالأدب العربي مالحق بغيره من الآداب العالمية بظهور الطباعة وماصاحبها من انتشار الصحافة، وسهولة تداول الكتب والمطبوعات، مما أحدث ثورة في الأساليب الأدبية والقوالب الفنية، وكان المقال هو القالب الفني الأبرز الذي استعاره النثر العربي من الأدب الغربي، إذ استوعب الحاجات الاجتماعية والعصرية، وتنوعت موضوعاته، وكان مناسباً لطبيعة القرّاء التي اتسعت دائرتهم، وصاروا من كافة طبقات المجتمع. ويتبع الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لبيان مدى تأثر الأدب العربي بالأدب الغربي في العصر الحديث، وقد توصل البحث إلى نتائج، منها: لقد كان ظهور المقال وازدهاره في الأدب العربي تطوراً طبيعياً يواكب متطلبات الحياة، وكان ثمرة لاختراع الطباعة وانتشار الصحف والمجلات، إذ كان الشكل الفني الأكثر موائمة للتعبير عن متطلبات الإنسان في العصر الحديث، بعيداً عما كان يثقل الأشكال الفنية النثرية قبله من محسنات وقيود كثرة جعلتها غير صالحة للتعبير الصحفي عن الحياة والأحداث.
الكلمات المفتاحية: النقد الأدبي، النثر الفني، مقال، النهضة الأدبية، الكتابة الديوانية.
Abstract
Arabic literature has been followed by what had followed other literatures in the world which was the emergence of printing, accompanied with the spread of press journalism, easy circulation of books and publications, that has revolutionized the literary styles and artistic genre. Written article was the most prominent genre that has been adopted by the Arabic prose from the Western literature as it engaged social and present needs, and the topics it covered varied and were suitable with the nature of its readers, whose circle was extensive and they came from all strata of society. The researchers followed the descriptive analytical approach to show the extent of the Western literature’s influence on Arabic literature in the modern era. The result of the study shows results including: the emergence of written article and its advancement in Arabic literature was a natural development in line with the needs of life. It was the fruit of the invention of printing technology and the spread of newspapers and magazines, as it was the most suitable form of art that can be used to express the needs of human beings in the modern era, far from decoratives and rules that burdened the previous literary prose forms, thus made it unfit for the journalistic expression of life and events.
Keywords: literary criticism, literary prose, article, literary revolution, anthology writing.
References
Abū Dhikrā, Al-Sayyid Mursī. Al-Maqāl Wa taṭawwuruhu fi Al-،Aṣr Al-ḥadith. Cairo: Dār Al-Ma،ārif, 1982.
Ismā،īl, ،Izzuddīn. Al-Adab Wa Funūnuhu Dirāsat wa naqd. Cairo: Dār Al-Fikr Al- ،Arabī, 8th edition, 2004.
Amīn Aḥmad. Fayḍ Al-Khāṭir. Cairo: Maṭba،at Al-Nahḍat Al-Miṣriyyat, 3rd edition, 1953.
ḥamzah, ،Abd Al-Laṭīf. Adab Al-Maqālat Al-ṣahafiyyat fī Miṣr. 1st vol. Cairo: Dār Al-Fikr Al- ،Arabī,, 1st edition, 1950.
Khalīl, Ibrāhīm and Al-ṣamādī, Imtinān. Fann Al-Kitābat Wa Al-Ta،bīr. ،Ammān: Dār Al- Masīrat. 2nd edition, 2009.
Darwīsy, Muhjat Muḥammad Kāmil. Fann Kitābat Al-Maqāl fī Al-Adab Al-،Arabī, 1997.
Al-Dasūqī, ،Umar. Fī Al-Adab Al-ḥadīth. Cairo: Dār Al-Fikr Al- ،Arabī, n.d.
Al-Dasūqī, ،Umar. Nasya’t al-Nathr Al- ḥadīth wa taṭawwurhū. Cairo: Dār Al-Fikr Al- ،Arabī, 2007.
Dayf, Shawqi, Al-Adab Al-،Arabī Al- ḥadīth fī Miṣr. Cairo: Dār Al-Ma،ārif, 1st edition, 1992.
Dayf, Shawqi, Al-Fann wa madhāhibuhu fi Al-Nathr Al-،Arabī, Cairo: Dār Al-Ma،ārif, 1st edition, 1983.
Ubayd, Aḥmad ،Abd Al-Ghaffār. Adab Al-Fukāḥah ،Inda Al-Jāhiẓ.Cairo: Maṭba،at Al Sa،ādat, 1st edition, 1982.
،Abd Al-Khāliq, Rabī،ī. Fann al-maqālah a-ldhātiyyat fī Al-Adab Al-،Arabī Al- ḥadīth. Alexandria: Dār Al-Ma،rifat Al-Jāmi،iyyat n.d.
Al-،Aqqād, ،Abbās Maḥmūd. Yas’alūmak. Bayrūt: Dār Al-Kitāb Al-‘Arabī, 2nd edition, n.d.
Qutb, Sayyid. Al-Naqd Al-Adabī Usūluhū Wa manāhijuhū. Cairo: Dār Al- Syurūq, 8th edition, 2003.
Murīdan, ،Azīzat. Al-Qissat Wa Al-Riwāyat. Damascus: Dār Al-Fikr, 1st edition, 1980.
Al-Maqdisī, Anīs. Al-Funūn Al-Adabiyyat Wa a،lāmuhā fī al-Nahḍat Al-،Arabiyyat Al-ḥad. Īthat. Bayrūt: Dār Al-Ilm Lil Malāyīn, 6th edition, 2000.
Mandūr, Muḥammad. Al-Adab Wa mazāhibuhū. Cairo: Nahḍat Miṣr, n.d.
Najm, Muḥammad Yūsuf. Adab Al-Maqālat. Bayrūt: Dār Al-Thaqāfat. 4th edition, 1966.
Haykal, Aḥmad. Taṭawwur Al-Adab Al-ḥadīth fī Miṣr min Awāil Al-Qarn Al-Tāsi، ،asya ilā qiyām Al-ḥarb al-Kubra al-Thānyat. Cairo: Dār Al-Ma،ārif, 6th edition, 1994.
Dissertation
Al-،Alī, Fayṣal ḥusayn ṭuḥaymir. Fann Al-Tarassul ،Inda ،Abd Al-ḥamīd Al-Kātib Wa Ibni Al-Kātib Wa Ibni Al-،Amīd. Master dissertation. Al-Najāh National University, Postgraduate Faculty, Department of Arabic Language and Literature. Nablus, Palestine, 2001.
Mādī, Faḍīlat. Dawr ،ālamiyyat al-adab wa madhāhibuhū fī taṭawwur al-Adab wa ẓuhūr Ajnāsihi Al-Adabiyyat. Master Dissertation, Institute of Arts Languages. Al-Buwairat, Algeria, 2012.
