The Pattern of Cycle of Civilization: Resemblance between Ibn Khaldun and Malik Bennabi’s Views <br> Corak Kitaran Ketamadunan Persamaan di Antara pendapat Ibn Khaldun dan Malik Bennabi

Abstract

Abstract

There is very much resemblance between Ibn KhaldËn and Malik Bennabi’s views on the concept of the cycle of civilization. It is evident that the two thinkers maintain that civilization in its rise and fall follows the cyclical pattern whereby a civilization commences its course in history, develops and reaches its peak and the then retrogresses and declines leaving space for another civilization to commence its course. This is the pattern that governs civilization in history. The articles argues that it was Ibn KhaldËn, within the Islamic circles of thought, who first introduced the concept of the cycle of civilization and applied it to his own time revealing that “State”, as a unit of analysis, follows in its course a cycle that consists of several stages from its inception to decline and later to transition to other places. Later in the history of Islam, it was Malik Bennabi who took the intellectual burden of expanding Ibn KhaldËn’s model of the cycle. He further developed Ibn KhaldËn’s view and introduced his own approach to the study of the pattern of the cycle of civilization showing various phases of the development of civilization.    This article focuses more on the view of Bennabi as he is a contemporary thinker whose ideas are much more relevant to our present state of affairs.

Keywords: Ibn KhaldËn, Malik Bennebi, Cycle of civilization, Rise, Fall.

Abstrak

Terdapat banyak persamaan di Antara pandangan Ibn KhaldËn dan Malik Bennabi terhadap konsep kitaran ketamadunan. Ia adalah jelas bahawa kedua-duanya berpendapat bahawa tamadun dalam kebangkitannya dan kejatuhannya mengikut corak kitaran di mana tamadun bermula jalannya dalam sejarah, membangun dan mencapai kemuncaknya dan  mula mundur dan memberi ruang untuk tamadun lain untuk memulakan jalannya. Ini adalah corak yang menguasai ketamadunan dalam sejarah. Artikel-artikel menegaskan bahawa dalam bulatan pemikiran Islam, Ibn KhaldËn yang pertama kali memperkenalkan konsep kitaran ketamadunan dan ia digunakan pada zamannya sendiri dan mendedahkan bahawa "Negeri", sebagai unit analisis, mengikuti kursus kitaran yang terdiri daripada beberapa peringkat dari penubuhannya hingga ke kemerosotan dan kemudian beralih ke tempat lain. Kemudian dalam sejarah Islam, Malik Bennabi mengambil beban intelektual bagi mengembangkan model kitaran Ibn KhaldËn. Dia memajukan pandangan Ibn KhaldËn dan memperkenalkan kaedah beliau sendiri untuk mengkaji corak kitaran ketamadunan yang menunjukkan pelbagai fasa pembangunan ketamadunan. Artikel ini lebih memberi tumpuan pada pandangan Bennabi kerana beliau adalah seorang ahli pemikir kontemporari  dan ideanya lebih relevan dengan keadaan zaman sekarang.

Kata Kunci: Ibn KhaldËn, Malik Bennebi, Corak Kitaran Ketamadunan, Kebangkitannya, Kejatuhannya.