Representations of Key Sufi Concepts in Khalil Gibran’s The Madman (1918)

Abstract

This study examines the representation of key Sufi concepts in Khalil Gibran’s first English book, The Madman (1918). The study uses Sufism as its main theoretical framework and thematic analysis as its methodology to identify key Sufi concepts that appear recurrently across the book. Sufi concepts that are found throughout the analysis are categorised into four main themes that comprise various interrelated Sufi concepts and represent the most prominent aspects of Sufism depicted in the works. Based on the analysis, there are four primary themes that can be identified in the analysed which are madness, Truth (haqiqah), the soul (nafs), and purification (tazkiyah). Although the analysis of the concepts indicates a connection between Gibran’s ideas and Sufism, this study observes numerous differences between them. This underscores that Gibran’s philosophy is not a comprehensive representation of, nor adherence to, Sufism. While many of Gibran’s perspectives align closely with Sufi thought, his works encompass a broader spectrum of spiritual ideas. This study enhances the understanding of Gibran’s spiritual vision, which transcends the confines of any single religious tradition. Moreover, by analysing the Sufi concepts in The Madman, the study contributes to a more profound understanding of Sufism in literature.