إشكالات في تعليم النحو العربي للناطقين بلغات أخرى
Issues in Teaching Arabic Syntax to Non-Native Speakers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v22i1.1279Keywords:
تعليم النحو, النَّاطقين بلُغات أُخرَى, الصنعة النحوية, الملكة اللغويةAbstract
لم يخل عصر من العصور اللغوية من شكوى تئن من النحو العربي، وإن تتحد الشكوى من حيث هي شكوى، تفرق في مضمونها؛ فمن شاكٍ من محتوى النحو العربي نفسه، ومن شاكٍ من صنعة النحو العربي ورتابته وتكلفه، ومن شاك من طرائق تدريس النحو العربي... إلخ، وذلك يدعونا إلى عرض تلك المشكلات وتحليلها ودراستها، وقد جمعها الباحث في الترتيب والتصنيف والعرض، منبهًا إلى ثلاث ضرورات جاءت مبثوثة في ثنايا البحث؛ الأولى: ضرورة البعد عن التكلف والصنعة النحوية، والثانية: ضرورة ملاءمة الشواهد والنماذج النحوية لمستوى الدارس، والثالثة: ضرورة عرض المادة النحوية عرضًا يحقِّق وظيفيَّة التَّراكيب النَّحويَّة وتداوليَّتها. واتخذ الباحثُ من المنهج النَّقدي منهجًا لهذه الدراسة؛ والذي وقف به على بعض إشكالات النحوي العربي، ولم يكن المنهج الوصفي – وهو المنهج الأنسب في دراسة المسألة اللغوية – بمنأى عن هذا البحث. وقد خلص البحث إلى إمكانية توظيف الخلاف النحوي ليكون أداةً من أدوات تيسير النَّحو العربي، ويوصي الباحث بضرورة إعمال القواعد النحوية في بناء الملكة اللغوية للمتعلم؛ ليكون النحو العربية أداة لغوية فاعلة في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بلغات أخرى
Abstract
Throughout every linguistic era, there have been recurring complaints about Arabic grammar. While these complaints share the commonality of being critical, their focus varies. Some critiques target the inherent structure of Arabic grammar, while others address its perceived rigidity, complexity, and artificiality. Additionally, some individuals express dissatisfaction with the methods used to teach Arabic grammar. These challenges concerns necessitate a thorough examination and analysis. The researcher has systematically categorized these issues, highlighting three main points of focus: first, the need to avoid unnecessary complexity and artificiality in grammatical structures; second, the importance of aligning grammatical examples and models with the learner's proficiency level; and third, the necessity of presenting grammatical material in a way that reflects the functional and contextual use of grammar. The study adopts a critical approach to identify and analyze challenges within Arabic grammar, while also incorporating a descriptive methodology, which is often considered the most suitable for linguistic inquiries. The research concludes that grammatical variations can be effectively utilized as tools to simplify the learning of Arabic grammar. The researcher recommends the practical application of grammatical rules to enhance learners’ linguistic competence, making Arabic grammar a more effective tool in teaching the language to non-native speakers.
Keywords: Teaching Grammar, Speakers of Other Languages, Grammatical Craftsmanship, Linguistic Competence.
References
Abdalla, Erfan Abdeldaim, "Nahw Nahw 'Arabi Wazifi li al-Natikīn bil-Lughāt Ukhrā fi Dhaw' al-‘Itār al-Marja'i al-Urūbī al-Mushtarak li-Ta'lim al-Lughāt," Al-ISESCO Journal of Arabic Language, issue 1, 2024, pp. 224-264.
Abdalla, Erfan Abdeldaim, Al-Lughah al-Thaniya: Mafdhal Tatbiqi fi al-Ta'lim wa al-Ta'allum, Kuala Lumpur: Islamic University Malaysia Press, 2024.
Abdalla, Erfan Abdeldaim, Al-Nahw al-Wazifi, Cairo: Dar al-Nabighah, 2014.
ACTFL. Grammar Concept in Context. https://www.actfl.org/resources/guiding-principles-language-learning/grammar-concept-in-context.
Al-Ashmuni, Ali bin Muhammad bin Isa, Sharh al-Ashmuni 'ala Alfiyyat Ibn Malik, 1st edition, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1998.
Al-Jahiz, Amr bin Bahr bin Mahbub, Al-Hayawan, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, n.d.
Al-Jahiz, Amr bin Bahr bin Mahbub, Rasā'il al-Jahiz, edited by: Abdul Salam Muhammad Harun, Cairo: Maktabat al-Khanji, 1964.
Al-Lughat al-Ajnihiyyah: Ta'limuha wa Ta'allumuha, Nayef Khurma wa Ali Hajjaj, Alam al-Ma'arifah, issue 126, 1988.
Al-Mubarrad, Muhammad bin Yazid bin Abdul Akbar, Al-Muqtab, edited by: Muhammad Abdul Khaleq 'Azimah, Beirut: Alam al-Kutub, n.d.
Al-Musharifi, Saber, et al., Silsilat al-Takallum, al-Mustawa al-Asasi, Maktabat al-Buruj, 2017.
Al-Nāqah, Mahmoud Kamil, and Hafiz, Haid Sayid, Ta'lim al-Lughah fi al-Ta'lim al-‘Aam: Madākhalih wa Faniyatih, Cairo: Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, 2002.
Al-Rajhi, Abduh, 'Ilm al-Lughah al-Tatbiqi wa Ta'lim al-'Arabiyyah, Alexandria: Dar al-Ma'rifah al-Jami'iyyah, 1995.
Al-Saban, Abu al-‘Irfan Muhammad bin Ali, Hashiyat al-Saban 'ala Sharh al-Ashmuni li-Alfiyyat Ibn Malik, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1417H.
Al-Tanahi, Mahmoud Muhammad, Maqalat al-Tanahi: Safahat fi al-Turāth wa al-Tarājim wa al-Lughah wa al-Adab, collected and arranged by: Muhammad Mahmoud Muhammad al-Tanahi, and Muhammad Nasser al-Ajami, 1422H.
Al-Wattawat, Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Yahya bin 'Ali, Ghurar al-Khasā'is al-Wadihah, wa 'Urrar al-Naqā'id al-Fādihah, edited by: Ibrahim Shams, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2008.
Al-Zajjaji, Abu Abdul Rahman bin Ishaq, Al-Jumal lil-Zajjaji, edited by: Ibn Abi Shanab, Algeria: Matba'at Joul Karbounel, 1926.
Fischer, Vold, "Mu'ājalat al-Qawā'id fi Kutub Ta'lim al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah," Nadwah Ta'leef Kutub Ta'limiyyah lil-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Nātikīn bil-Lughāt al-‘Ukhra, Rabat, 4-7 March 1980.
Ibn Aqil, Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman al-Aqeeli, Sharh Ibn Aqil 'ala Alfiyyat Ibn Malik, edited by: Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abdul Hamid, Egypt: Dar al-Turath, 1400H.
Ibn Hazm, Ali bin Ahmad bin Said, Risail Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi, edited by: Ihsan Abbas, Beirut: Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing, 1987.
Ibn Hisham, Abdullah bin Yusuf, Shudhūr al-Dhahab, edited by: Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ashour, Beirut: Dar al-Turath, 2001.
Ibn Jinni, Abu al-Fath Uthman, Al-Luma' fi al-'Arabiyyah, edited by: Fayez Fares, Kuwait: Dar al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyyah, 1990.
Ibn Jinni, Uthman, Al-Khasais, edited by: Muhammad Ali al-Najjar, Cairo: Egyptian General Book Organization, n.d.
Ibn Khaldun, Abdul Rahman, Al-Ibar wa Diwan al-Mubtada' wa al-Khabar fi Tarikh al-Arab wa al-Barbar wa man 'Asarahum min Dhawi al-Shan al-Akbar, edited by: Khalil Shahada, reviewed by: Dr. Suhail Zakir, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1981.
Ibn Madaa, Ahmad bin Abdul Rahman bin Muhammad, Al-Radd 'ala al-Nuhah, edited by: Muhammad Ibrahim al-Banna, Dar al-I'tisam, 1979.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmad, Majmu' al-Fatawa, collected and arranged by: Abdul Rahman bin Muhammad bin Qasim, and Muhammad Abdul Rahman bin Muhammad bin Qasim, Madinah: King Fahd Complex for Printing the Noble Quran, 2004.
Ibrir, Bashir, Ta'limiyat al-Nusous Bayn al-Nadhariyyah wa al-Tatbiq, Jordan: Alam al-Kutub al-Hadith, 2007.
Khurma, Nayef, and Hajjaj, Ali, Al-Lughat al-Ajnihiyyah: Ta'limuha wa Ta'allumuha, Alam al-Ma'arifah, issue 126, 1988.
Majmu'at Khubara' al-Majlis al-Urubī, Al-Itār al-Marja'i al-Urūbī al-Mushtarak li Ta'allum al-Lughāt wa Ta'limuha wa Taqyīmuha (CEFR), translated by: Abdul Nasir Othman Sabir, Mecca: Umm al-Qura University, 2016.
Salih, Abdul Rahman al-Hajj, Athar al-Lisanayat fi al-Nuhudh bi-Mustawa Madrasiyyat al-Lughah al-'Arabiyyah, Al-Lisanayat, Majallah fi 'Ilm al-Lisan al-Bashariyy, Ma'had al-‘Ulum al-Lisaniyyah wa al-Sawti, Algeria, vol. 4, issue 1, 1973, pp. 17-80.
Sibawayh, Amr bin Uthman bin Qanbar, Al-Kitab, edited by: Abdul Salam Muhammad Harun, Cairo: Maktabat al-Khanji, 1988.
Wladubah, Muhammad al-Mukhtar, Tarikh al-Nahw al-‘Arabi fi al-Mashriq wa al-Maghrib, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1429H.
Zakariya, Michel, Mabahith fi al-Nazariyyah al-Alsiniyyah wa Ta'lim al-Lughah, Beirut: al-Mu'assasah al-Jami'iyyah lil-Dirasat wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi', 1985.
