Malaysia's Potential Revolution: Embracing Gold-Backed Cryptocurrency into International Net Settlement via Blockchain Could Transform Economic and Financial Resilience

Authors

  • Irma Naddiya Mushaddik International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)
  • Abdul Wahed Jalal Nori International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v20i3.1188

Keywords:

Gold, Gold Standard, Cryptocurrency, International Net Settlement, Blockchain, Financial Sustainability

Abstract

This research delves into the potential of a gold-backed cryptocurrency as a strategic instrument for international net settlement, leveraging blockchain technology, and assesses its global economic implications. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the efficiencies derived from integrating a gold-backed cryptocurrency, this study critically examines the prevailing use of fiat currency in international net settlement, laying the groundwork for fortified financial resilience within Malaysia's Islamic finance framework. To fulfil the study's overarching objective, a qualitative research methodology was meticulously applied, encompassing content analysis alongside insightful semi-structured interviews. The argument put forth underscores that a cryptocurrency backed by gold represents a superior alternative to fiat currencies in facilitating international net settlement through the robust medium of blockchain technology, ushering in an era characterized by compatibility and enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, this article posits that the revolutionary potential of blockchain will permeate Malaysia's Islamic financial system, aligning with Islamic finance principles and accelerating international net settlement. This integration is poised to usher in an unprecedented era of growth, efficiency, and innovation while adhering to Islamic financial ethics.

Author Biographies

Irma Naddiya Mushaddik, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

Dr.Irma Naddiya is PhD Holder from Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, IIUM

Abdul Wahed Jalal Nori, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

Assistant Professor Dr. Abdul Wahed Jalal Nori is Lecturer at Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, IIUM

References

Allison, Ian. “Codename Citicoin: Banking Giant Built Three Internal Blockchains to Test Bitcoin Technology.” International Business Times UK, July 6, 2020. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/codename-citicoin-banking-giant-built-threeinternal-blockchains-test-bitcoin-technology-1508759.

Alvesson, M., and Sandberg, J. “Generating research questions through problematization.” Academy of Management Review 36, no. 2 (2011): 247-271.

Amy Whitaker. “Art and Blockchain: A Primer, History, and Taxonomy of Blockchain Use Cases in the Arts.” A Journal of Entrepreneurship in The Arts 8, no. 2 (2019).

Anders Aslund. How Capitalism Was Built: The Transformation of Central and Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia, Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Anthony G.Parker. “Blockchain, Bitcoin and the Rise of New Money,” ITNOW 60, no. 4 (2018): 8-13.

Bech M. and R. Garratt. (2017). “Central bank cryptocurrencies.” BIS Quarterly Review (2017): 55–70.

Bernard Lietaer. The Future of Money, Century, 2001.

Böhme R., N. Christin, B. Edelman and T. Moore. “Bitcoin: economics, technology and governance.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 29, No. 2 (2015): 213-338.

Brad Smith and Carol Ann Browne. Tools and Weapons: The Promise and The Peril of the Digital Age. Hodder & Stoughton, 2019.

Brown, Ellen Hodgson. “Web of Debt:The Shocking Truth About Our Money System And How We Can Break Free, Third Millennium Press, 2008.

C Chen, L Zhang, Y Li, T Liao, S Zhao and Z Zheng. IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society 3 (2022): 233 – 245.

Calvin W. H. Cheong. “The Islamic Gold Dinar: A hedge against exchange rate volatility.” Managerial Finance 44, no. 6 (2018): 722-738

Carstens Agustin. “Money in the digital age: what role for central banks?”, Lecture in the House of Finance, Goethe University, February 6 2018.

Catalini, C. and Gans, J. “Some simple economics of the blockchain.” 2016. https://papers. ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2874598.

Cheong, Latifah Merican. “Gold in International Trade”, paper presented by the Deputy Governor Bank Negara Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Gold in International Trade, September 2003.

Chinyao Low, Yahsueh Chen and Mingchang Wu. “Understanding the determinants of cloud computing adoption.” Industrial Management and Data Systems 111, no.7 (2011): 1006-1023, Emerald Group Publishing.

David Lee Kuo Chuen and Ernie Teo. The New Money: The Utility of Cryptocurrencies and the Need for a New Monetary Policy. Disintermediation Economics, 2021: 111-172.

Don & Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution. Penguin Random House UK, 2018.

Goldman Sachs. (2016). “Profiles in innovation, putting theory into practice, Blockchain”, 2016.

H. Albayati, SK Kim and JJ Rho. “A Study on the Use of Cryptocurrency Wallets from a User Experience Perspective.” Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 3, no. 5 (2021): 720-738.

Hamid Beladi, Basudeb Biswas and Gopal Tribedy. “Growth of Income and the Balance of Payment: Keynesian and Monetary Theories.” Journal of Economic Studies 13 no. 4 (1986): 44-55.

Hayek. Choice in currency- A way to stop inflation. The Institute of Economics Affairs, 1976.

Henry Thornton. An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain. London, 1802.

Hernando De Soto. The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in The West And Fails Everywhere Else. Basic Books, 2000.

Ii Houng Lee and Yung Chui Park. Use of National Currencies for Trade Settlement in East Asia: A Proposal. Asian Development Bank Institute, 2014.

J. Bhosale and S. Mavale. "Volatility of select Crypto-currencies: A comparison of Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin.” Annual Research Journal of SCMS, Pune 6, (2018).

Jacobs, R.L. “Developing a dissertation research problem: A guide for doctoral students in human resource development at adult education.” New Horizons in Adult Education & Human Resource Development 25, no. 3 (2013): 103-117.

Jei Young Lee. “A decentralized token economy: How blockchain and cryptocurrency can revolutionize business.” Business Horizons 62, no. 6 (2019): 773-784.

Jesson, J.K., Matheson, L. and Lacey, F.M. Doing your literature review:Traditional and systematic techniques, SAGE, London, 2011.

Kaushik Basu. “Ponzis the science and mystique of a class of financial frauds”, World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper, 6967. 2014.

Kazuki Ikeda and Md-Nafiz Hamid. Application of Blockchain in the Financial Sector and Peer-to-Peer Global barter Web, Research Gate (2018).

Kishore G. Kulkarni. “The Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payment and Importation of Inflation: A Further Analysis and Empirical Evidence.” Studies in Economics and Finance 7, no. 2 (1983): 11-25.

Klaus Schwab, (2017), The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Crown Business.

L Tredinnick. “Cryptocurrencies and the blockchain.” Sage Journal Business Information Review 36, no. 1 (2019).

L. B. Yeager. “The Austrian School of Money and Gold.” Journal of Economic Studies 15, no. 3/4. (1988): 92-105.

Lael Brainard. The Use of Distributed Ledger Technologies in Payment, Clearing and Settlement. 2016.

Liao Nancy. “On settlement finality and distributed ledger technology.” Yale Journal on Regulation and the ABA Section of Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice’s Blog, June 9 2017.

Marshall, A., Dencik, J. and Singh R.R. “Open innovation: digital technology creates new opportunities.” Strategy & Leadership 49, no.3, (2021): 32-38.

MJ Casey & P Vigna. In Blockchain We Trust. MIT Technology Review, 2018.

Natalia Stetsenko, Concha Verdugo Yepesn. “Virtual Currencies and Beyond; Initial Considerations,” IMF Staff Discussion Notes 16/3, International Monetary Fund, 2016.

Paolo Clarotti. “EU directives and their impact on netting.” Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 5, no. 2 (1997): 154-162.

Paul Vigna and Michael J. Casey. The Age of Crypto Currency. Macmillan USA, 2016.

Qing Deng. Application Analysis on Blockchain Technology Cross-border Payment. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2020). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 2020.

Quinn DuPont. Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains, Polity Press, 2019.

Randy Priem. “Distributed Ledger Technology for Securities Clearing and Settlement: Benefits, Risks, and Regulatory Implications.” Financial Innovation, Springer; Southwestern University of Finance and Economics 6, no. 1 (2020): 1-25.

S. Aketch, F. Mwambia and B. Baimwera. “Effects of blockchain technology on performance of financial markets in Kenya.” International Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 1 (2021): 1 – 15.

Wei-Tek Tsai, Enyan Deng, Xiaoqiang Ding, and Jie Li. “Application of Blockchain to Trade Clearing.” IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion, 2018.

White Paper, Systems and Methods for Global Trade Management Using Blockchain Technology, Questa Web Incorporated, Global Trade Management software.

William A. Allen and Geoffrey Wood. “Defining and achieving financial stability.” Journal of Financial Stability 2, no. 2 (2006):152-172.

William J. Luther. “Digital Gold: The Case for Cryptocurrencies.” AIER Sound Money Project Working Paper No. 2021-13, 2021.

Williams, R. and Edge, D. “The social shaping of technology.” Research Policy 25, no. 6 (1996): 865-899.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-28

How to Cite

Mushaddik, I. N., & Abdul Wahed Jalal Nori. (2023). Malaysia’s Potential Revolution: Embracing Gold-Backed Cryptocurrency into International Net Settlement via Blockchain Could Transform Economic and Financial Resilience. Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077), 20(3), 337–382. https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v20i3.1188

Issue

Section

English Articles