الاشتراك في نية الصيام بين الفرض والنفل: دراسة فقهية (Shared-Intention in Obligatory and Voluntary Fasting: A Fiqh Study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v18i1.1064Abstract
لما كان الصيام من أعظم العبادات التي يتقرب بها إلى الله عز وجل، وهو الركن الرابع من أركان الإسلام، ولما كانت النية معيارًا لتصحيح الأعمال؛ فحيث صلحت النية صلح العمل، وحيث فسدت النية فسد العمل، وإنما شُرعت النية لتمييز العادة من العبادة، أو لتمييز رُتَب العبادة بعضها عن بعض، ولما كانت مسألة الاشتراك في النية من المسائل التي تناثرت أطرافها بين كتب الفقه المذهبي وكتب الفقه عموماً، وكتب الفروع الفقهية، مما أوجد لبسًا لدى كثير من الناس، وكثرت أسئلة العوام للمفتين عنها، حيث يسعى المرء لتحصيل الخير والثواب، ومن ذلك أن يعدد النيات للعمل الواحد والعبادة الواحدة، فإن الهدف من هذا البحث هو بيان مدى مشروعية التشريك في نية الصيام سواء كان بين فرضين، أو نفلين، أو فرض ونفل.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الصوم الواجب، صيام النافلة، النية، الاشتراك والتداخل.
Abstract
Fasting has always been one of the greatest devotional rites whereby one can achieve proximity with Allah. It is the fourth pillar in Islam. According to Islam, the intention is considered as the basis for the uprightness of an act. If the intention is sincere, the whole act based on that shall be surely correct, and if the intention is insincere, the whole act shall be incorrect. The intention is from the angle of Islamic jurisprudence looked at as a criterion legalized to differentiate habits from devotional practices and to discern various levels of devotional acts. The issue of relationship between intention and the acts has been thoroughly discussed in the sources of Islamic jurisprudence. Yet, the issue is unclear and rather confusing due to the doctrinal approach to the issue of intention. Generally, the people feel embarrassed over this situation. It is because the masses feel concerned over the true rewards of their acts in general and the devotional rituals in particular. This research is aimed at reidentifying the extent of legitimacy of combining fasting intentions either in obligatory prescriptions (fard), or in voluntary acts (nafl).
Keywords: Obligatory Fasting, Supererogatory Fasting, Intention, Combination and Interference.
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