TYPES OF SNACK INTAKE ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS AMONG ADULTS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are significantly related to other health disorders or diseases such as non-communicable diseases. The determinants of these conditions are influenced by various factors particularly dietary habit and pattern. Excessive snack consumption high in fat, sugar and energy are common among adults in which play a major role to positive energy balance; resulting in increased risk of aforementioned problems stated. The objective of this study is to review the association between the types of snack intakes and stress in the adult population. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the preferences and choices of snack intakes among adults during periods of stress and identify the relationship between snack intakes and stress with its contributing factors. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was applied as a method to review potential articles from four databases (Scopus, ProQuest Health and Medical Collection, Oxford Journals, and PubMed). Results: Twelve relevant articles were included in this review. Four themes were extracted from the included studies representing the most preferred till the least: (1) highly palatable and energy dense; (2) sweet; (3) savory; and (4) healthier options. Most studies found significant positive association between snack intakes and stress among adults particularly for the first three themes; except for the fourth theme. The contributing factors of snacking during periods of stress among adults can be identified into individual and environmental factors. Conclusion: This review provides evidence on the types of snack intakes associated with stress in the adult population and its contributing factors. This information can be utilized by the health agencies to plan and conduct appropriate intervention in the future in this population.  Approaches to mitigate and prevent non-communicable diseases can be subsequently implemented to improve overall health in general.