The Maxim of “Taʾsīs (Foundation of a New Meaning) is Better than Taʾkīd (Affirmation of a Previous Meaning)” in the Holy Qur’ān: An Applied Foundational Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v9i3.406Keywords:
The Holy Qur’an, foundation, preferable, affirmation, grounding, applicationAbstract
This study explores one of the most important usuli maxims agreed upon by scholars of fiqh, usul al-fiqh, tafsir and hadith, which is the maxim of “Taʾsīs (Foundation of a New Meaning) is Better than Taʾkīd (Affirmation of a Previous Meaning)”. This maxim addresses the question that, when there is a clear textual source with two indications of affirmation of the previous meaning and the establishment and foundation of a new meaning, then, is it better to affirm the previous meaning or to establish a new meaning? To this effect, the study aims to shed light on this maxim, define it, and simplify the problem in its applications through the verses of the Holy Qur’an. The importance of the subject is evident when tracking the applications of this maxim through induction and analysis to clarify the fundamental effect that scholars of usul al-fiqh have decided on. This effect is that considering the word for the establishment of a new meaning is more likely than considering it for the confirmation of a previous meaning. Therefore, the problem of the research lies in the fact that this maxim - although it is one of the maxims agreed upon by scholars in general - it is one of the maxims of preference. This means that it has a significant impact in resolving jurisprudential, interpretative and hadith differences. The paper raised several questions, including: If the word is between conveying a new meaning and confirming a previous meaning, then what is the meaning of the word?; What is the concept of the maxim “Taʾsīs (Foundation of a New Meaning) is Better than Taʾkīd (Affirmation of a Previous Meaning)” and its origin?; What are the applied Qur’anic examples of this maxim? As for the research methodology, we relied on the inductive and analytical approaches. The researchers collected applications of the maxim from the verses of the Holy Qur’an using the inductive approach, and the analytical approach to clarify the meaning of the maxim and analyse the statements of the scholars of the principles of jurisprudence and Qur’anic commentators on it. We reached several results, the most important of which is that the maxim of “Taʾsīs (Foundation of a New Meaning) is Better than Taʾkīd (Affirmation of a Previous Meaning)” is important in interpreting legal texts and understanding their meanings and objectives. Therefore, this maxim of preference is used by scholars of the principles of jurisprudence, jurists, Qur’anic commentators, and hadith scholars as evidence to prefer one statement over another. The study recommends that those concerned with the science of usul al-fiqh pay more attention to the usul al-fiqh maxims to clarify their impact and extract their applications from the verses of the Holy Qur’an, because in this way, the real foundational examples of the usul al-fiqh maxims will be identified, and the legal texts will be understood correctly, and they will be applied - later - to new developments and events in a sound manner.
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