Al-Ṭalāq al-Muʿallaq (Suspended Divorce) in the Islamic Family Law of Selangor: A Juristic and Maqasidic Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v9i3.400Keywords:
Divorce, Formal Suspension, Informal Suspension, Family Law, Maqasid Al-ShariahAbstract
Suspended divorce (Ṭalāq Muʿallaq) is a form of divorce that takes effect upon the occurrence of a future event, using a conditional statement or its equivalent. It is initiated by the husband without restrictions on specific wording or timing. In Malaysia, suspended divorce is classified into two types: formal suspension and informal suspension also referred to in law as "Ta’liq Lisan" (verbal suspension). The formal suspension requires the husband to pronounce a specific conditional statement immediately after the marriage contract, while the informal suspension occurs at the husband's discretion without specific wording or timing. Previous studies indicate differing opinions regarding the obligation of formal suspension. Some argue that it facilitates divorce, while others contend that it imposes coercion on the husband. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the concept of formal suspension in Malaysia’s Islamic Family Law in light of Maqasid Al-Shariah (the objectives of Islamic law) and to examine the general purposes behind permitting suspended divorce. The study employs two primary research methodologies: the inductive method and the analytical method. The inductive approach is used to collect and compile relevant data from various sources to form a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The analytical approach is then applied to examine the collected data and analyze the Shariah objectives related to the issue. This research focuses specifically on the implementation of suspended divorce in Malaysia, investigating its legal and Shariah dimensions and how it is practically applied. The study concludes that formal suspension serves the best interests of the wife by protecting her rights and safeguarding her physical and mental well-being, in line with essential Maqasid (objectives) of Shariah. It also benefits the husband by ensuring his religious responsibility in upholding his marital obligations. Furthermore, the general Maqasid of allowing suspended divorce revolve around preserving the rights and well-being of both spouses, ensuring their interests while considering the five essential objectives of Shariah in its execution: protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth.
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Cases:
AWAI v MM (Abdul Halim Abdullah SHHCJ), [2022] 2 ShLR.
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Marziana bt Marzuki v Mohd Afandi bin Mohd Yusoff, [2009] 3 SHLR 145.
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Seksyen 50, Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Selangor) 2003.
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