Submissions must be entirely original. Any use of others’ ideas, data, text, or figures must be properly cited or quoted. Authors are encouraged to screen their manuscripts with plagiarism software before submission. The manuscript must represent the authors’ own work and must not infringe any intellectual property rights or contain defamatory content.

JOP applies a similarity check to all submissions. Manuscripts showing overall similarity >20% (excluding references and acceptable overlaps) may be rejected or returned for revision.

JOP is not responsible for verifying third-party copyright permissions. Any breach of copyright may result in retraction and reporting to the relevant authorities at the authors’ institutions.