Determination of Inorganic Metal Ions in Marketed Drugs Formulation via Flame Photometry
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Abstract
Introduction: Inorganic metal ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium are crucial for the proper functioning of the human body. Various spectroscopic techniques have been employed for the quantitative and qualitative determination of these mineral ions, with flame emission spectroscopy being widely used for detecting metal ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and lithium. Flame emission photometry is commonly applied to biological samples for estimating sodium, potassium, and calcium levels. This method has also been used to detect metal ions in wastewater, gasoline, cement, and blood. Methods: In the current study, the flame photometric technique has been utilized for the quantitative analysis of different inorganic metal ions (Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium) in various pharmaceutical drug formulations. The flame photometric technique has been calibrated with these metal ion standard solutions. This calibrated technique has employed for calculating the concentration (mg) of these metal ions in different pharmaceutical drugs formulations and compared with the marketed concentration (mg). This technique is found to be very reliable for sodium metal ion-based drugs such as Epival (light green), Benzyl penicillin sodium (violet), Diclofenac sodium (cyan) etc, while the calculated amounts of potassium and calcium were lower than the reported values in potassium-based drugs such as DV-Losartan (dark blue), UROCIT-K (yellow), Diclofenac potassium (violet), etc and .calcium-based drugs such as Calcium gluconate injection (light green), Caltrix, Caldree (dark blue), Calcium -P (violet) etc. Similarly, this method is validated with linearity and goodness of fit values of sodium, potassium, and calcium based drugs, such as sodium=0.999x-0.641, R2=0.994, potassium: y=0.943x+3.753, R2=0.995, and calcium: y=0.766x+20.279, R2=0.924, respectively. The proposed technique is well validated and can be employed for the estimation of other inorganic metal ions. Results: This study utilized the flame photometric technique to quantify inorganic metal ions, sodium, potassium, and calcium in various pharmaceutical formulations. The concentrations of the ions (mg) in different pharmaceutical drug samples were determined and compared with their labeled marketed values. The findings highlight the accuracy and reliability of flame photometry in assessing metal ion content in pharmaceutical products.
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