Prevalence and orthodontic management of missing permanent maxillary lateral incisor at a referral centre in Sabah

Jin Han Lee

doi:10.31436/ijohs.v4i2.212

Authors

Jin Han Lee Orthodontic Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/ijohs.v4i2.212

Keywords:

hypodontia, lateral incisor, missing, orthodontic, prevalence

Abstract

This was a cross-sectional study of the prevalence and orthodontic management of developmental missing permanent maxillary lateral incisor of patients referred for orthodontic treatment from year 2010 to 2020. The dental records of written case notes, radiographs, and study models that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected using systematic sampling and were assessed retrospectively. Sample were taken from every five dental records. Dental records that did not fulfil the inclusion criteria were substituted. Data taken were the demographic data, side of the missing maxillary lateral incisor, and the orthodontic management. All variables were analysed descriptively. The differences between orthodontic open space and orthodontic close space with respect of unilateral and bilateral missing permanent maxillary lateral incisor were tested using Fisher’s exact test. From the total of 291 samples, there were 11 (3.78%) patients presented with missing permanent maxillary lateral incisor. The mean age of the patients was 17.46 ± 1.52 years. All 11 patients were females. There were six (54.55%) patients presented with bilateral missing permanent maxillary lateral incisor, while five (45.45%) were unilateral. From the unilateral group, there were three (27.27%) patients presented with right side missing permanent maxillary lateral incisor. Six (54.55%) patients were treated with orthodontic open space, while five (45.45%) patients were treated with orthodontic close space. In conclusion, the prevalence of missing permanent maxillary lateral incisor was 3.78%. All patients were females. More patients presented with bilateral missing permanent maxillary lateral incisor. The treatments provided were orthodontic open space and orthodontic close space.

References

Acev, D.P., Gjorgova, J. (2014). Prevalence of hypodontia in the permanent dentition of Macedonian population. Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine, 18: 93-98.

Alhaddad, A.S., Al-Hur, A.A., S.Alyessary, A., Abbas, G.A. (2019). Prevalence of congenital missing permanent teeth in a sample of Iraqi patients attending dental clinic of Kerbala University: a retrospective study. Biochemical and Cellular Archives, 19(2): 3265-3272.

Arandi, N.Z., Mustafa, S. (2018). Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis; a retrospective cross-sectional study. The Saudi Dental Journal, 30(2): 155-160.

Caterini, L., Mezio, M., Dari, M., Pacella, E., Giovannoni, D. (2017). Clinical features of maxillary lateral incisors agenesis and associated dental anomalies: a systematic review. WebmedCentral Orthodontics, 8(10): WMC005341.

Dudney, T.E. (2008). Advantages and disadvantages of treatment options for congenitally missing lateral incisors. Inside Dentistry, 4(8).

Fauzi, N.H., Lestari, W., Kharuddin, A.F., Ardini, Y.D. (2019). Prevalence, pattern and distribution of non-syndromic tooth agenesis in permanent dentition among Malaysian population. Materials Today: Proceedings, 16(4): 2204-2209.

Gracco, A.L.T., Zanatta, S., Valvecchi, F.F., Bignotti, D., Perri, A., & Baciliero, F. (2017). Prevalence of dental agenesis in a sample of Italian orthodontic patients: an epidemiological study. Progress in Orthodontics, 18:33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-017-0186-9

Gupta, S.P. (2022). A dilemma in managing the case with missing lateral incisor. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, 12(1): 1-2.

Gupta, S.P., Rauniyar, S. (2021). Management of missing maxillary lateral incisor: a contemporary review. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, 11(1):72-78.

Jamilian, A., Perillo, L., Rosa, M. (2015). Missing upper incisors: a retrospective study of orthodontic space closure versus implant. Progress in Orthodontics, 16:2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40510-015-0072-2

Kafantaris, S., Tortopidis, D., Pissiotis, A.L., Kafantaris, N.M. (2020). Factors affecting decision-making for congenitally missing permanent maxillary lateral incisors; a retrospective study. The European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 28(1): 1-10.

Kavadia, S., Papadiochou, S., Papadiochos, I., Zafiriadis, L. (2011). Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: a global overview of the clinical problem. Orthodontics: The Art and Practice of Dentofacial Enhancement, 12(4): 296-317.

Kerajaan Negeri Sabah. (2023). Rakyat dan sejarah Sabah. Retrieved 22 April 2023, from https://www.sabah.gov.my/cms/?q=ms/content/rakyat-sejarah

Kim, Y.H. (2011). Investigation of hypodontia as clinically related dental anomaly: prevalence and characteristics. International Scholarly Research Notices, https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/246135

Mani, S.A., Mohsin, W.S.Y., John, J. (2014). Prevalence and patterns of tooth agenesis among Malay children. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 45(2): 490-498.

Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2012). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Orthodontic management of developmentally missing incisors.

Musaed, Z.A.N., Al-Harazi, G., Al-Deen, H.S. (2019). Prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in a group of Yemeni Population: a radiographic study. Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research, 4(10): 704-715.

Nagaraj, S., Tey, N.P., Ng, C.W., Lee, K.H., Pala, J. (2015). Counting ethnicity in Malaysia: The complexity of measuring diversity. In: Simon, P., Piché, V., Gagnon, A. (eds) Social statistics and ethnic diversity. IMISCOE Research Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20095-8_8

Nik-Hussein, N.N. (1989). Hypodontia in the permanent dentition: a study of its prevalence in Malaysian children. Australian Orthodontic Journal, 11(2): 93-5.

Nordquist, G.G., McNeill, R.W. (1975). Orthodontic vs restorative treatment of the congenitally absent lateral incisor- long term periodontal and occlusal evaluation. Journal of Periodontology, 46: 139-143.

Rakhshan, V. (2015). Congenitally missing teeth (hypodontia): a review of the literature concerning the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, patterns and treatment. Dental Research Journal, 12(1): 1-13.

Robertsson, S., Mohlin, B. (2000). The congenitally missing upper lateral incisor. A retrospective study of orthodontic space closure versus restorative treatment. European Journal of Orthodontics, 22: 697-710.

Sahoo, N., Reddy, R., Gowd, S., Dash, B.P., Meher, J. (2019). Comparison of frequency of congenitally missing upper lateral incisors among skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2643

Shakirah Said, S.S., Abdul Rahim, F.S., Jaapar M. (2017). Prevalence of hypodontia in patients attending orthodontic clinic in Kuala Terengganu. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v16i2.1093

Swarnalatha, C., Paruchuri, U., Babu, J.S., Alquraraishi, M.A., Almalaq, S.A., Fahad, A.A., Nayyar, A.S. (2020). Prevalence of congenitally missing upper lateral incisors in an orthodontic adolescent population. Journal of Orthodontic Science, 9:15. https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_28_19

Zakaria, N.N., Kamarudin, Y., Lim, G.S., Sulaiman, N.S., Anuar, S.A.A. (2021). Prevalence and pattern of permanent tooth agenesis among multiracial orthodontic patients in Malaysia. Australasian Orthodontic Journal, 37(1): 79-84.

Zakir, H.M., Shukri, N.M., Wahab, N.A., Bakri, M.M. (2015). Pattern of congenitally missing teeth in the Malaysian population. Oral Health and Dental Management, 4th Asia Pacific Congress & Expo on Dental and Oral Health.