COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES: CASE STUDY OF MALAYSIA, JAPAN AND THE NETHERLANDS

Abstract

Climate change and rapid population growth, which lead to urbanisation, create stormwater drawbacks. Various stormwater management (SWM) concepts, such as low-impact development (LID), green infrastructure, water-sensitive urban design (WSUD), sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS), and others are the key elements that help in mitigating flooding issues. Even though the aim is similar to each other, but the techniques and other objectives developed from the concepts may contribute to the differences in the techniques or practices implemented. There is an integration of techniques that are commonly used in SWM concepts, such as green roofs, permeable pavement, and bioretention. Meanwhile, Sponge City is one of the programmes initiated by the People's Republic of China in tackling critical flooding issues in the cities of China, which follows the LID, WSUD, and SUDS techniques. In the context of Malaysia, some of the techniques have been applied; hence, better investment and awareness from the public and government should be enhanced to improve the flash flood problems in cities.