Resolution of Child Custody Dispute: Legislative Foundation and Contemporary Application of Sulh in the Shariah Court of Malaysia (Mediasi dalam Menyelesaikan Isu Penjagaan Kanak-Kanak: Asas Perundangan dan Aplikasi Sulh oleh Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i3.990Abstract
Mediation or sulh at the Malaysian Shariah Court deals with a variety of issues relating to Islamic family law including the child custody issues. Disputes that exist between the parties can be resolved through litigation (court) and non-litigation (outside the court). Sulh is one of the non-litigation methods in settling disputes in peace and harmony. The Government initiative by introducing sulh since 2001 helps in reducing the backlog of cases, speeds up settlement of dispute and it has become a very constructive method of resolving disputes amicably. This article aims to discuss and analyse the principles of sulh in Islamic Law, its foundations and its implementation in Malaysia particularly in child custody disputes. The article also will look at how sulh interacts with the new implementation of the Special Court of Hadanah established in the Shariah Court of Federal Territories (MSWP). The methodology adopted, is library-based research to collect information, data and theories involved, from selected materials including journal articles, textbooks, statutes, as well as interview method. The data were analysed using the content analysis method. The study concludes that the practice of sulh in the child custody disputes is not only in line with the Islamic Law but also plays a vital role in protecting the children’s rights as outlined by the intent of the Divine Guidance (Maqasid Shariah).
Keywords: Sulh, mediation, Shariah court, child custody dispute, ADR.
Abstrak
Mediasi atau Sulh yang dilaksanakan di Mahkamah Syariah melibatkan pelbagai isu kekeluargaan termasuklan kes penjagaan kanak-kanak. Pertikaian yang terjadi diantara pihak-pihak dapat diselesaikan melalui dua kaedah iaitu perbicaraan (di dalam mahkamah) dan penyelesaian tanpa perbicaraan (luar mahkamah). Sulh adalah salah satu kaedah penyelesaian pertikaian secara damai dan harmoni yang dilakukan tanpa perbicaraan. Inisiatif Kerajaan memperkenalkan Sulh mulai tahun 2001 telah membantu mengurangkan lambakan kes di mahkamah, menyelesaikan kes dalam tempoh yang singkat dan ianya menjadi kaedah yang sangat konstruktif dalam menyelesaikan pertikaian secara damai tanpa sengketa. Tujuan kertas kerja ini disediakan adalah untuk membincangkan serta menganalisa kewujudan Sulh di dalam Undang-Undang Islam, melihat kepada asas serta pelaksanaan Sulh di Malaysia terutama dalam kes melibatkan pertikaian penjagaan kanak-kanak. Artikel ini juga meneliti bagaimana pelaksanaan Sulh membantu ke arah pelaksanaan Mahkamah Khas Hadhanah yang baharu ditubuhkan di Mahkamah Syariah Wilayah Persekutuan (MSWP). Metodologi yang dilaksanakan di dalam kertas kerja ini melibatkan kajian perpustakaan bagi mengumpulkan maklumat, data dan teori yang terlibat daripada bahan-bahan terpilih termasuklah jurnal artikel, buku teks, statut serta kaedah temubual. Data yang diperolehi kemudiannya dianalisa menggunakan kaedah analisa kandungan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa amalan Sulh melibatkan pertikaian penjagaan kanak-kanak bukan sahaja selari dengan Undang-Undang Islam, namun Sulh juga berperanan penting dalam melindungi hak kanak-kanak seperti yang digariskan oleh Maqasid Syariah.
Kata Kunci: Sulh, mediasi, mahkamaah Syariah, pertikaian penjagaan kanak-kanak, ADR.
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