ظاهرة اختلاف العلماء المعاصرين في تأويل النصوص القرآنية والحديثية (The phenomenon of Differences of Contemporary Scholars of Islam in Interpreting the Texts of the Quran and Hadith)

Authors

  • ذوالقرنين حيدر سبحاني طالب دكتوراه بقسم الفقه وأصول الفقه، كلية معارف الوحي والعلوم الإنسانية، الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية ماليزيا.
  • محمد فريد علي الفيجاوي أستاذ مساعد بقسم الفقه وأصول الفقه، كلية معارف الوحي والعلوم الإنسانية، الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية ماليزيا

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v18i2.1030

Abstract

الاختلاف بين العلماء ليس شيئاً جديداً. وهو موجود في تاريخ التراث الإسلامي منذ البداية إلى الآن. لكن يوجد جزء كبير من التراث مما اتفق عليه معظم العلماء، واْعْتُبِر رأيَ الجمهور، ونال هذا الجزء نوعا من القداسة وأصبح محجوراً على الباحث أن يختلف فيه. والجدير بالانتباه هنا أنه قد وجد بعض الأمثلة للاختلاف مع الجمهور في تاريخنا، لكن هذا كان مقصورا على عدد من الأفراد لا يتجاوز عددهم الأصابع. فالظاهرة التي نريدها هنا هي ظاهرة اختلاف العلماء المعاصرين مع الجمهور في رأي معين، بحيث شكَّل هؤلاء العلماء المعاصرون جمهورا آخر أو إجماعا آخر، وهذه ظاهرة لم توجد قبل العصر الراهن. ولإثبات هذه الظاهرة يمكن الإشارة إلى قضية الطلقات الثلاث، وقضية حد الرجم، وقضية حد الردة، وقضية القرشية في الإمامة، وقضية ولاية المرأة، وقضية سحر النبي، وقضية النسخ في القرآن وما إلى ذلك. وهذه الدراسة لها أهمية كبيرة حيث تقدم ظاهرة تتعلق بالتراث الإسلامي أو بالتحديد بتأويل النصوص القرآنية والحديثية، وهذه ظاهرة جديدة تماما، ولها تأثير شديد على الفهم المعاصر. فالهدف من هذه الدراسة هو إطلاع الناس على هذه الظاهرة الجديدة في تاريخنا التراثي من خلال دراسة القضايا المتعددة في كتابات العلماء المعاصرين. وتعتمد هذه الدراسة على المنهج التحليلي والاستقرائي. ومن النتائج المتوقعة من هذه الدراسة أنها ستؤدي إلى المرونة في قضية الاختلاف، وستقدم صورة الاختلافات العلمية ونوعيتها عند العلماء المعاصرين.

الكلمات المفتاحية: القرآن، السنة، التأويل، العلماء المعاصرون، الاختلاف، قضايا.

 

Abstract

The differences of opinions among scholars of Islam are nothing new rather they have been part of Islamic tradition since the very beginning until now. However, there has always been a major part of Islamic tradition on which most of the scholars agreed and that was considered as the position of the majority (Jamhoor) and that part had gained a kind of sacredness and impermissibility for scholars to differ on it. It is also to be noted here that there have also been some instances of disagreements from the majority in the history of Islamic tradition though such instances were very few in numbers. Therefore, the phenomenon which we are referring to in this study is the phenomenon of disagreements of contemporary scholars on a particular issue from what has been considered as the stance of the majority or consensus and these scholars form a new majority or consensus in our time and this is something which seems unique to modern time and absent in the history of Islamic tradition. Among examples indicating to this phenomenon are the issues of triple Talaq, stoning, punishment on apostasy, the condition of Quraish lineage for a ruler or Khalifa, the issue of leadership of women, the issue of magic on the Prophet and the issue of abrogation in the Quran and so on. This study is very significant as it presents a phenomenon in relation to Islamic tradition, more particularly, to the interpretations of the texts of the Quran and Hadith. And this phenomenon is quite new and has very strong impact on contemporary thoughts. The objective of this study is to present this new phenomenon of our tradition by studying few issues from the works of contemporary scholars of Islam. Content analysis and inductive methods have been used in this paper. As a conclusion the study promotes the flexibility and resilience in matters of differences, and it presents the ways of academic differences and its forms in contemporary scholarship.            

Keywords: The Quran, the Sunnah, Interpretation, Contemporary Scholars, Differences, Issues.

References

Abu Sulaiman, Abdul Hamid, Hadd al-Riddah fi al-Islam, Herndon: IIIT, 2013.

Abu Zahra, Mohammad, Zurah al-Tafasir, Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, n.d.

Abu Zuhra, Mohammad, Tarikh al-Madhahib al-Islamiyyah, Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, 1996.

Al-Alwani, Taha Jabir, La Ikraha fi al-Din, Cairo: Maktaba al-Shurooq al-Duwaliyyah, 2006.

Al-Alwani, Taha Jabir, Tafsir al-Quran bi al-Quran, Herndon: IIIT, 2020.

Al-Aqqad, Abbas Mahmood, al-Demoqaritiyyah fi al-Islam, Cairo: Dar al-Ma’rif, 1953.

Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Fathul Bari, Beirut: Dar al-Marifah, 1379H.

AL-Awwa, Salim, fi al-Nizam al-Siyasi li al-Daula al-Islamiyyah, Cairo: Dar al-Shurooq, 2006.

Al-Baghawi, Abu Mohammad al-Hussain bin Masud, Tafsir al-Baghawi, Riyadh: Dar Tayba, 1997.

Al-Fituri, Abdul Hakim, al-Aimmatu min Quraish wa Ishkaliyyatul Fahm, Libya watanona.

Al-Imadi, Abu al-Saud, Tafsir Abi al-Saud, Bierut: Dar Ihya al-Turas al-Arabi, n.d.

Al-Jaziri, Abdurrahman, al-Fiqh ala Madhahib al-Arba’, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2003.

Al-Kharbutali, Ali Hasani, al-Islam wa al-Khilafah, Beirut: Dar Beirut, 1969.

Al-Maraghi, Ahamd bin Mustafa, Tafsir al-Maraghi, Cairo: Shirkatu Mustafa, 1946.

Al-Marghinani, Burhanuddin, al-Hidayah, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turas al-Arabi, n.d.

Al-Maududi, Syed Abul Aala, Tafhim al-Quran, Delhi: Markazi Maktaba Islami, 2013.

Al-Mawardi, Abul Hasan Ali, al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1994.

Al-Nawawi, Sharfuddin, Rauzatu al-talibin wa Umdatu al-Muftin, Bierut: al-Maktab al-Islami, 1991.

Al-Qurtubi, Abu Abdullah, al-Jami li Ahkam al-Quran, Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyyah, 1964.

Al-Razi, Fakhruddin, Mafatih al-Ghayb, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turas al-Arabi, 1420H.

Al-Saqa, Ahmad Hijazi, La Nashkha fi al-Islam, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, 1978.

Al-Sartawi, Mahmood Ali, Fiqh al-Ahwal al-Shakhsiyyah, Palestine: Jamia al-Quds, 2012.

Al-Shafi, Mohammad bin Idrees, Kitab al-Umm, Beirut: Dar al-Marifah, 1990.

Al-Shanqiti, Mohammad al-Amin bin Mohammad, Azwaul Bayan fi Izahi al-Quran bil Quran, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr littibaa wa al-Nashr, 1995.

Al-Shanqiti, Mohammad al-Mukhtar, al-Azma al-Dasturiyyah fi al-Hadharah al-Islamiyyah, Doha: Muntada al-Ilaqat al-Arabiyyah wa al-Duwaliyyah, 2018.

Al-Sharawi, Mohammad Mutawalli, Tafsir al-Sharawi, Cairo: Matabi Akhbar al-Yaoum, 1997.

Al-Tabari, Mohammad bin Jarir, Tafsir al-Tabari, Cairo: Markaz al-Buhus wa al-Dirasat al-Islamiyyah, 2001.

Al-Taftazani, Sa’duddin, Sharh al-Aqaed al-Nasafiyyah, Cairo: Maktabtul Kulliyat al-Azhariyyah, 1987.

Al-Tayyar, Musaid bin Sulaiman, Al-Tahrir fi Usul al-Tafsir, Jeddah: Markaz al-Dirasat al-Islamiyyah, 2014.

Al-Undulusi, Abu Hayyan, al-Bahr al-Muhit fi al-Tafsir, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1420H.

Alwani, Zainab, Al-Usrah fi Maqasid al-Shariah, Herndon, IIIT, 2012.

Al-Zalmi, Mustafa, La Rajma fi al-Islam, Cairo: Maktab al-Tafsir, 2016.

Al-Zuhaili, Wahba bin Mustafa, al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuhu, Damascus: Dar al-Fikr, 1985.

Al-Zuhaili, Wahba bin Mustafa, al-Tafsir al-Munir, Damascus: Dar al-Fikr al-Muasir, 1418H.

Auda, Abdul Qadir, al-Islam wa Auzauna al-Siyassiyah, Cairo: al-Mukhtar al-Islami, 1978.

Auda, Jasser, al-Istibdad wa ahadith ta’atil Hakim, al-Omah, 2018.

Auda, Jasser, Bayn al-Shariah wa al-Siyasah, Beirut: Al-Shabaka al-Arabiyyah li al-Abhas wa al-Nashr, 2012.

Auda, Jasser, Naqd Nazariyya al-Naskh, Beirut: Al-Shabaka al-Arabiyyah li al-Abhas wa al-Nashr, 2012.

Azan, Mohammad Salim Yahya, Qurshiyya al-Khilafah, Sana’: Markaz al-Turas wa al-Buhus al-Yamani, 2004.

Bisyooni, Hasan, al-Daulah wa Nizam al-Hukm fi al-Islam, Cairo: Alam al-Kutub, 1985.

Dabbus, Salahuddin, al-Khalifah: tauliyatuhu wa azluhu, Alexendaria, Muassasah al-Thaqafah al-Jamiyiyyah, 2007.

Farahi, Abdul Hamid, Taliqat, India: al-Dairah al-Hamidiyyah, 2010.

Ghannouchi, Rashid, Al-Demoqaratiyyah wa Huqooq al-Insan fi al-Islam, Doha: Markaz al-Jazeera li al-Dirasat, 2012.

Ghazi, Muhiuddin, Hujjatun lam Yastaslim laha al-Kathirun, Multaqa ahli al-Tafsir, 2011.

Ghundoor, Ahmad, al-Talaq fi al-Shariah al-Islamiyyah, Cairo: Maktabatul Falah, 1405H.

Ibn Aashur, Mohammad al-Tahir bin Mohammad, al-Tahrir wa al-Tanvir, Tunis: al-Dar al-Tunisiyyah li al-Nashr, 1984.

Ibn al-Jauzi, Jamaluddin Abu al-Farj, Zaad al-Masir fi Ilm al-Tafsir, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1422H.

Ibn Humam, Kamaluddin, Sharh Fath al-Qadeer, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2003.

Ibn Khaldun, Abdurrahman, Kitab al-Ibar, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1988.

Ibn Rushd, Mohammad bin Ahmad, Bidayatul Mujtahid wa Nihayatul Muqtasid, Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 2004.

Ibn Taimiyyah, Ahmad bin Abdul Halim bin Abdussalam, al-Fatawa al-Kubra, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1987.

Ibn Taimiyyah, Ahmad bin Abdul Halim bin Abdussalam, Daqaiq al-Tafsir, Damascus: Muassasatu Ulum al-Quran, 1404H.

Islahi, Amin Ahsan, Tadabbur-e-Quran, Lahore: Muassasatu Faran, 2009.

Kamali, Hashim, Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: A Fresh Interpretation, New York, Oxford University Press, 2019.

Kashmiri, Anwar Shah, Faiz al-Bari, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2005.

Khafeef, Ali, Furaq al-Ziwaj fil Madhahib al-Islamiyyah, Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, 2008.

Khairabadi, Abul Lais, al-Imama al-Uzam fi al-Islam, jadarah wa ahliyyah am nasb wa irq? In Tajdid, Vol. 21, No. 41, 2017.

Madani, Anis Ahmad, Tahqeeq se Tahrif tak, India: Matba al-Falah, 1995.

Mansoor, Ali, Nizam al-Tajrim wa al-Iqab fi al-Islam, Madina: Muassasa al-Zahra, 1976.

Nadwi, Mohammad Raziul Islam, Haqeeqt Rajm: ek Tanqeedi Jaeza, India: Matba Firdaus, 1996.

Nadwi, Mujeebullah, Suboot-e-Rajm, India: Maktaba al-Rashad, 1997.

Qardhawi, Yusuf, Dawa al-Ilmaniyyah al-Islamiyyah, website of Qardhawi.

Qardhawi, Yusuf, Ibn al-Qarya wa al-Kuttab, Cairo: Dar al-Shurooq, 2008.

Qutub, Syed, Fi Zilal al-Quran, Cairo: Dar al-Shurooq, 2003.

Raza, Mohammad Rashid, Tafsir al-Manar, Cairo: al-Haiya al-Misriyyah al-Amma lil kitab, 1990.

Shakir, Mahmood, Mauzua’t Haul al-Imama wa al-Khilafah, al-Dar al-Arabiyyah li al-Ulum, 1992.

Shaltut, Mahmood, Al-Islam Aqeedah wa Shariah, Cairo: Dar al-Shurooq, 2001.

Suahil, Abu Adnan, Inkar Rajm ek Fikri Fasad, Pakistan: Maktaba Qudsiyyah, 2005.

Subhani, Mohammad Enayatullah Asad, Aayaatun Bayyinatun, Dar al-Maqased.

Subhani, Mohammad Enayatullah Asad, Haqeeqat Rajm, India: Idara Ihyae Din, 1991.

Subhani, Mohammad Enayatullah Asad, La Ikraha fi al-Din, Amman, Dar Ammar, 2010.

Subhani, Mohammad Enayatullah Asad, Uqubat al-Zina fi al-Islam, Beirut: Dar al-Nafaes, 2021.

Talima, Isam, La Rajma fi al-Islam, Beirut: Jusoor li al-Tarjama wa al-Nashr, 2021.

Zarqa, Mustafa, Fatawa Mustafa Zarqa, Damscus: Dar al-Qalam, n.d.

Downloads

Published

2021-10-24

How to Cite

حيدر سبحاني ذ. ., & علي الفيجاوي م. ف. (2021). ظاهرة اختلاف العلماء المعاصرين في تأويل النصوص القرآنية والحديثية (The phenomenon of Differences of Contemporary Scholars of Islam in Interpreting the Texts of the Quran and Hadith). Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077), 18(2), 93–121. https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v18i2.1030