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Declaration: The Author(s) declare that:-

1. The article is original, has not been previously published, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
2. The article does not infringe on any copyright, proprietary, or personal rights of any third party.
3. The article has been read and approved by all listed authors, and the corresponding author is authorized to act on behalf of all authors in matters related to this publication.
4. The Author(s) grant Halalsphere and IIUM Press the non-exclusive and unlimited right to publish, reproduce, and distribute the article in any format or medium, including electronic media.
5. The Author(s) retain the copyright of the article.
6. The article will be published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), allowing others to share and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, with appropriate credit.

 

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All articles published in Halalsphere are made freely and permanently available online immediately upon publication, in accordance with the journal’s open access policy. No article processing charges (APC) are imposed.