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Declaration: The Author(s) declare that the article has not been published before in any form and that it is not concurrently submitted to another publication, and also that it does not infringe on anyone's copyright. The Author(s) holds the IIUM Press and Editors of the journal harmless against all copyright claims.
 
Transfer of copyright: The Author(s) hereby agree to transfer the copyright of the article to IIUM Press, which shall have the non-exclusive and unlimited right to publish the article in any form, including in electronic media.  For the article with more than one author, the corresponding author confirms that he/she is authorized by his/her co-author(s) to grant this transfer of copyright.
 
The Halasphere follows the open access policy.
 
All articles published open access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute.

Creative Commons License
Halasphere at https://journals.iium.edu.my/inst/index.php/hs  is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.