من علماء العثمانيين الإمام الشرواني ومنهجه في التفسير Scholars of the Ottomans Imam Sharwany's Method in Tefsir (Interpretation)

Abstract

محمد أمين بن صدر الدين الشرواني، نسب إلى شروان، وهي بلدة من نواحي بخارى. نشأ في بيت عرف أهله بالعلم والفضل، فوالده صدر الدين الشرواني، من أهل العلم والمعرفة، والورع التقوى، وهو أول من لقنه فنون العلم، وعرفه التصوف. كما نهل من مشاهير علماء عصره، فظلّ يتنقّل بين حلقاتهم حتى صار إمامًا يشار إليه بالبنان. وأخذ عنه تلاميذ كُثُر، يلزمون دروسه ويكتبون عنه، حتى أصبحوا علماء مشهورين. كان الشرواني مفسرًا بارعًا، ولغويًا متميزًا، عاش في العهد العثماني وفاق علماء زمانه. هاجر من شروان بسبب الاضطهاد الرافضي، وأقام في آمد بديار بكر مفتيًا ومدرسًا. وتبرز أهمية الإمام الشرواني في ثراء موروثه العلمي، حيث ترك آثارًا علمية كثيرة ذات فائدة عظيمة. وقد اهتم بعلم التفسير وعلم الكلام، وفاضل بينهما، ولكنه اعتبر تفسير القرآن في المقام الأول. فاتسم تفسيره بالوضوح والبيان؛ حيث استطاع أن يبرز النص القرآني بصورة ميسورة مفهومة، فعني بتوضيح المفردات الغريبة، وتبسيط المصطلحات اللغوية، وتفسير التحليلات المنطقية، كما أجرى المقارنات بين القراءات القرآنية، ووظف كل ذلك في بيان المفاهيم والأحكام الإلهية. فكانت تعليقاته على تفسير البيضاوي من أبرز الحواشي التي اهتم بها العلماء في عصره وما بعده.

Muhammed Bin Sadr Eldeen Al-Sharwany, was intributed to Sharwan that is a village around Bokhara. He grew up in family that is well-known in Science and and helpfulness. His father Sadr Eldeen Al-Sharwany, is one of the people well-known in Science and Knowledge as well as Taqwa (priety) to Allah. Muhammed's father was the first person to teach him the art of Science and taught him Al-Tasawof (Mysticisim). He had the chance to take information and study by the help of his era's scholors until he became an indicated and a trusted Imam. Many students who need his lessons, took him as a teacher and wrote about him until they became famous scholors. Al-Sharwany was a brilliant interpreter and a linguistically distinguished person. He lived in the Ottoman era and surpassed the scholors of his era. He migrated from Sharwan because of the She'ee doctrine's precution. He lived in Amed Diyarbakir, as a Mufti and a teacher. The Imam Sharwany's importance appears in the richness of his scientific legancy as he left many great effects. He was interested in the Science of Tefsir (Interpretation) and the Science of theology, as he favored between them. He considered Tefsir (Interpretation) in the first place. His Tesfsir was described by its clearity and perfect explination. He was able to show the Qur'an-i text in an understandable and an affordable way. Muhammed was intrested in clearing the strange words and in the interpretation of logical analyzes. He diffrentiated between the Qur'an-i reading ways and used all of that in explaining the terms and Allah Ilahi judgments. His annotations on the Beyzawy's interpretation, is one of the most prominent commentary that scholors in his era and after were intrested in.